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Historical Representation at American House Museums

Collected by: Ivy Plus Libraries Confederation

Archived since: Jan, 2023

Description:

The Historical Representation at American House Museums Web Archive aims to document the changing interpretation and presentation of the experiences of working people and immigrants, the lives of the enslaved, the contributions of women, LGBT individuals, indigenous peoples, and various ethnic groups at historic house museums in the United States. House museums have been a key component of historic preservation in America since the mid 19th century. Until recently, house museums largely interpreted the lives of great men (and, on rare occasions, women), first and second generation settlers in America, or the work of master architects such as Frank Lloyd Wright or Stanford White. More recently, many house museums have begun changing their focus to include the experiences of underrepresented peoples, including but not limited to the groups mentioned above. Websites have in many cases replaced printed guidebooks in disseminating the social history of these sites. The Historical Representation at American House Museums Web Archive is curated by librarians, library workers, and professors at Columbia University (Andrew S. Dolkart and Chris Sala) and Johns Hopkins University (Holly Tominack), under the auspices of the Ivy Plus Libraries Confederation.

Subject:   Arts & Humanities Society & Culture Government Historical museums Historic house museums Historic sites

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Title: John Woolman Memorial

URL: http://woolmanmemorial.org/

Description: In 1915, Historian Amelia Mott Gummere and a small group of faithful Quakers formed the John Woolman Memorial Association and purchased a house in Mt. Holly, New Jersey thought to have a direct association with John Woolman, a Quaker abolitionist, and his daughter Mary. He identified slavery as the major issue of his day and provided an example of non-participation in slavery: he refused to write wills, bills of sale , or any other document that perpetuated slavery. He boycotted all products associated with slave labor including: tobacco, silver, rum, sugar and dye.

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Subject:   Historic house museums Woolman, John, 1720-1772 Quaker abolitionists Anti-slavery movements Slavery Enslaved persons

Title: Conrad Weiser Homestead

URL: http://www.conradweiserhomestead.org/

Description: "The Conrad Weiser Homestead is a Pennsylvania state historic site in Womelsdorf, Berks County, Pennsylvania, that interprets the life of Conrad Weiser. Weiser was an 18th century German immigrant who served as an Indian interpreter and who helped coordinate Pennsylvania's Indian policy."

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Subject:   Historic house museums Weiser, Conrad, 1696-1760 Indigenous peoples Iroquois Indians Mohawk Indians Conrad Weiser House (Womelsdorf, Pa.) Pioneers Indian interpreters

Title: Stephen Hopkins House

URL: http://www.stephenhopkins.org/

Description: "The house was the home of Stephen Hopkins—a governor of Rhode Island and signatory of the Declaration of Independence—as well at least six of his slaves."

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Subject:   Historic house museums Enslaved persons Hopkins, Stephen, 1707-1785 Slavery

Title: Van Courtland House Museum

URL: http://www.vchm.org/

Description: "Van Cortlandt House Museum is the centerpiece of a 1,000-acre urban park that encompasses what was once the Van Cortlandt family’s plantation."

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Subject:   Historic house museums Historic sites Indigenous peoples Enslaved persons Slavery Delaware Indians

Title: Woodlawn Plantation

URL: http://www.woodlawnpopeleighey.org/

Description: "As a plantation, Woodlawn was operated using slave labor, with as many as 93 enslaved people working the on the farm and inside the home. In 1846, Woodlawn was sold to the Troth-Gillingham Company, a group of anti-slavery Quakers who wanted to show that slavery was not necessary to run a successful farm in the South. Under Quaker management, Woodlawn became an example of successful free-labor agriculture in a region that was dependent on enslaved labor. During this time, parcels of the land were sold to antislavery farmers and members of local free Black communities. This community of Quakers, free Black people, and white antislavery farmers thrived throughout the 19th century and persisted through the Civil War."

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Subject:   Historic house museums Woodlawn Plantation (Va.) Enslaved persons Free African Americans Quakers

Title: Benson-Hammond House

URL: https://aachs.org/benson-hammond-house/

Description: "Originally a two-storey, four-room brick house built by immigrant Thomas Benson in the late 1820s, the house on Cedar Farm was enlarged as the Benson family and their fortunes grew. Sold to Thomas and Rezin Hammond in 1887, the property became a "truck farm" which employed immigrant "pickers," mostly of Polish descent."

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Subject:   Polish Americans Agricultural laborers Immigrants Historic house museums

Title: Gaineswood

URL: https://ahc.alabama.gov/properties/gaineswood/gaineswood.aspx

Description: Constructed over an 18 year period (1843-1861), Gaineswood evolved from a two-room “dogtrot” cabin into a Greek Revival style mansion. General Nathan Bryan Whitfield, a cotton planter who owned as many as 7,200 acres and had 235 enslaved people working his land, was his own architect though he had no formal training. Skilled enslaved and free African-American workers did most of the work on the house, along with itinerant artists.

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Subject:   Historic house museums Enslaved persons Slavery Gaineswood (Demopolis, Ala.) Whitfield, Nathan Bryan, 1824-1868 Free African Americans

Title: Flavel House Museum

URL: https://astoriamuseums.org/explore/flavel-house-museum/

Description: "The Flavel House has been restored to accurately portray the Victorian period’s elegance and the history of the Flavel family."

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Subject:   Historic house museums Flavel House (Astoria, Or.) Household employees

Title: Harris House

URL: https://beaversbendcabincountry.com/directory/harris-house/

Description: "The Harris House presents the story of the home built in 1867 for Choctaw diplomat and jurist Henry Harris."

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Subject:   Historic house museums Indigenous peoples Choctaw Indians Harris, Henry Churchill, 1837-1899.

Title: Butterfly Lodge Museum

URL: https://butterflylodgemuseum.org/

Description: "Butterfly Lodge was built in 1913 and first occupied in 1914. The log cabin's name "Apuni Oyis" in Blackfeet was inspired by the countless butterflies in the meadows surrounding the cabin. It was built by John Butler for James W. Schultz as his hunting cabin, and later became the home of his son, Hart M. Schultz aka Lone Wolf."

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Subject:   Historic house museums Indigenous peoples Schultz, James Willard, 1859-1947 Lone Wolf (Blackfoot Indian) Indian artists Butterfly Lodge Museum Siksika Indians

Title: Roberto Adobe & Sunol House Museum

URL: https://californiapioneers.com/visit/roberto-adobe-sunol-house-museum/

Description: "A Native American named Roberto Balermino was born c1782 and grew up on this part of the valley in a rancheria called San Juan Bautista, where the Guadalupe and Los Gatos Rivers came together in Willow Glen. His adult occupation was that of a cook, probably serving food to the army of Indian shepherds at this site. Around 1836, Roberto Balermino built the Roberto Adobe, which still stands today. By 1844, Spaniard Antonio Maria Suñol was living upon Rancho los Coches with his wife Maria Dolores Bernal and their children. Suñol was among the most educated citizens of San José, having been schooled in France. In 1847, Suñol acquired Rancho los Coches, and built a brick house adjoining the Roberto Adobe."

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Subject:   Historic house museums Indigenous peoples

Title: Ramsdell House

URL: https://ceredowv.gov/our-community/ramsdell-house/

Description: "The house was built on top an Indain burial mound in Ceredo, West Virginia, by abolitionist Zophar Ramsdell and his wife Almeda." It is a last stop on the Underground Railroad.

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Subject:   Historic house museums Enslaved persons Slavery Underground Railroad Abolitionists Indigenous peoples Women

Title: Cliveden

URL: https://cliveden.org/

Description: "Cliveden is a historic site that preserves and interprets over 200 years of American history through the lives of the Chew Family and their staff, both enslaved and in service."

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Subject:   Historic house museums Chew, Benjamin, 1722-1810 Cliveden of the National Trust (Philadelphia, Pa.) Enslaved persons Slavery Indentured servants Household employees Chew family Women Immigrants Irish

Title: Bellamy-Ferriday House and Garden

URL: https://ctlandmarks.org/properties/bellamy-ferriday-house-garden/

Description: The Bellamy-Ferriday House & Garden started its life as the Bellamy Manse, built by Reverend Joseph Bellamy and completed in 1767. In 1912 New Yorkers Henry and Eliza Ferriday purchased the property as a summer residence for themselves and their only child Caroline. Beginning when she was 9 years old, Caroline Ferriday spent 78 summers on the property. Caroline, a 20th-century philanthropist who championed human rights and social justice causes. Her work took her from Connecticut around the globe, aiding victims of Ravensbrück concentration camp and supporting the civil rights movement in the United States.

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Subject:   Historic house mueums Women philanthropists Ferriday, Carolyn Woolsey, 1902-1990 Bellamy-Ferriday House and Garden

Title: Hempsted Houses

URL: https://ctlandmarks.org/properties/hempsted-houses/

Description: Joshua Hempstead was a well-respected farmer and tradesman in New London, Connecticut. He was also a slave owner who owned Adam Jackson for over thirty years. As a site of northern slavery, the Hempsted Houses work to engage the public in understanding the historical roots and current-day implications of issues related to equality and freedom and empower people to make a difference today.

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Subject:   Historic house museums Slavery Enslaved persons Joshua Hempsted House (New London, Conn.) Slaveholders Hempstead, Joshua, 1678-1758 Jackson, Adam, 1700-1764

Title: Palmer-Warner House

URL: https://ctlandmarks.org/properties/palmer-warner-house/

Description: In 1936 Frederic Palmer purchased the Palmer-Warner House, built in 1738.

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Subject:   Historic house museums Sexual minorities Gay men

Title: Field House Museum

URL: https://fieldhousemuseum.org/

Description: The Field House was the home of Roswell Field who served as the attorney for the enslaved Dred and Harriet Scott and their daughters, Eliza and Lizzy, when they brought action in federal court for their freedom. The Scotts were denied their freedom on the grounds that African-Americans were not citizens and therefore could not sue in federal court.

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Subject:   Historic house museums Women Enslaved persons Slavery Field, Roswell M. (Roswell Martin), 1807-1869 Scott, Dred, 1809-1858 Scott, Harriet, approximately 1820-1876.

Title: Filoli

URL: https://filoli.org/

Description: "Filoli is an expansive landscape situated on the unceded ancestral lands of the Ramaytush Ohlone."

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Subject:   Gardeners Filoli Mansion and Gardens (Woodside, Calif.) Indigenous peoples Household employees Historic house museums

Title: Flagler Museum

URL: https://flaglermuseum.us/

Description: "When it was completed in 1902, the New York Herald proclaimed that Whitehall, Henry Flagler's Gilded Age estate in Palm Beach, was 'more wonderful than any palace in Europe, grander and more magnificent than any other private dwelling in the world.'"

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Subject:   Historic house museums Household employees Henry Morrison Flagler Museum

Title: Foscue Plantation

URL: https://foscueplantation.com/

Description: "Foscue Plantation welcomes you to Jones County and to a period in time more than 200 years ago."

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Subject:   Historic house museums Enslaved persons Slavery Foscue Plantation (N.C.)

Title: Gunston Hall

URL: https://gunstonhall.org/

Description: "Gunston Hall was a busy, thriving enterprise made possible by the work of hundreds of people who were not part of the Mason family. Some people, such as Thomas Halbert, a tenant farmer, and Mrs. Newman, a governess, had a choice. Others, such as Cato, an enslaved man who probably worked in the fields, and William Bernard Sears, an indentured servant, toiled at Gunston Hall in bondage."

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Subject:   Tenant farmers Household employees Indentured servants Slavery Enslaved persons Mason, George, 1725-1792 Historic house museums

Title: Meadow Farm Museum

URL: https://henrico.gov/rec/places/meadow-farm/

Description: Features the story of the Native Americans who traversed the land for centuries prior to English settlement. The story of Gabriel, whose narrative was impacted by the actions of two Sheppard family slaves and whose rebellion changed laws governing enslaved individuals throughout the state. Finally, the story of the enslaved Parsons family as their lives were intertwined with the Sheppard family for three generations."

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Subject:   Historic house museums Enslaved persons Slavery Indigenous peoples Meadow Farm Museum (Henrico County, Va.) Slave rebellions

Title: Hermann-Grima + Gallier Historic Houses

URL: https://hgghh.org/

Description: "Visitors, students, and researchers explore such diverse topics as the lives of the houses’ owners and enslaved people, free people of color, open-hearth cooking, mourning rituals, and the entrepreneurial pursuits of women."

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Subject:   Historic house museums Enslaved persons Slavery Free African Americans Women

Title: Hillwood Museum And Gardens

URL: https://hillwoodmuseum.org/

Description: "Ever mindful of the well-being of her staff, Marjorie Post took great care to ensure comfortable accommodations for them. The staff of the house alone numbered sixteen to eighteen and included the butler, footmen, and maids. Six security personnel worked rotating shifts, protecting Post and the property. She provided the typical room and board for live-in staff, but also paid compensation up to thirty-five percent higher than average and offered generous perks, such as tailored work clothes and laundry service paid for by the estate."

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Subject:   Historic house musems Household employees Hillwood Museum and Gardens (Washington D.C.) Post, Marjorie Merriweather

Title: Alice Austen House

URL: https://historichousetrust.org/houses/alice-austen-house/

Description: "A significant site of LGBTQ history, this Victorian Gothic cottage was the home of one of America’s earliest and most prolific female photographers."

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Subject:   Historic house museums Sexual minorities Women photographers Alice Austen House (New York, N.Y.) Lesbians

Title: Hendrick I. Lott House

URL: https://historichousetrust.org/houses/hendrick-i-lott-house/

Description: "Like most of the large farmers in southern Brooklyn, the Lotts relied on the labor of slaves, indentured servants, and hired hands to grow the crops that they sold in the markets of Brooklyn and Manhattan. However, the Lotts freed their slaves by 1805, years before the abolition of slavery in New York State in 1827. Later, the house may have served as a stop on the Underground Railroad."

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Subject:   Hendrick I. Lott House (New York, N.Y.) Immigrants Underground Railroad Indentured servants Free African Americans Household employees Agricultural laborers Slavery Enslaved persons Historic house museums

Title: Shirley Plantation

URL: https://historicshirley.com

Description: "Shirley stands as a testament to Colonial life and the early American history of the indigenous, settlers, indentures and enslaved."

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Subject:   Historic house museums Shirley Plantation (Va.) Enslaved persons Slavery Indentured servants Indigenous peoples

Title: Abbie Gardner Sharp Cabin

URL: https://history.iowa.gov/visit/historic-sites/abbie-gardner-sharp-cabin/

Description: "In 1857, amidst rising tensions between Native Americans and new settlers, 13-year-old Abbie Gardner’s family was killed by men of the Dakota Indian nation. This tragedy became known as the Spirit Lake Massacre. Young Abbie was taken hostage by the Dakota band and released 84 days later. Decades after the massacre, in 1891, Abbie returned to Arnolds Park and purchased the cabin, operating it as one of Iowa’s earliest tourist attractions."

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Subject:   Historic house museums Women pioneers Indigenous peoples Gardner-Sharp, Abbie, 1843-1921 Dakota Indians

Title: Cranbrook House & Gardens

URL: https://housegardens.cranbrook.edu/

Description: Ellen Scripps was active in the volunteer world, supporting various charities and organizations. She played a role in the building and establishment of Cranbrook Schools, and often advised her husband George Booth on art purchases. Scripps was director of the Evening News Association, and one of the richest women in Michigan.

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Subject:   Historic house museums Scripps, Ellen Warren Women philanthropists Cranbrook House (Bloomfield Hills, Mich.)

Title: Hubbard House Underground Railroad Museum

URL: https://hubbardhouseugrrmuseum.org/

Description: The home was built in 1841 by William and Katharine Hubbard. William was a member of the Ashtabula County Anti-Slavery Society. The Hubbard House, also known as Mother Hubbard’s Cupboard and The Great Emporium, quickly served as a northern terminus, or end point, on the Underground Railroad. A steady stream of runaway slaves arrived at the home seeking shelter, and the Hubbards hid them in the cellar or in their hayloft before securing safe passage across the lake to Canada.

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Subject:   Historic house museums Underground Railroad Slavery Enslaved persons Fugative slaves Abolitionists Anti-slavery movements Hubbard House Underground Railroad Museum Hubbard, William, 1787-1863 Hubbard, Catherine, 1786-1867 Women abolitionists

Title: Phillipsburg Manor

URL: https://hudsonvalley.org/historic-sites/philipsburg-manor/

Description: "Journey to Colonial America.

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Subject:   Slavery Enslaved persons Historic sites Historic house museums

Title: Hyland House Museum

URL: https://hylandhouse.org/

Description: "The Hyland House is an historic house museum, named for George Hyland, the settler who purchased the land on which it stands in 1657. The two-story saltbox structure was built circa 1713 by Hyland’s son-in-law Isaac Parmelee. The homestead inhabitants included Ebeneezer Parmelee, a master clockmaker, and Candace, an enslaved woman for whom Guilford’s first Witness Stone was placed in the museum’s front walkway."

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Subject:   Historic house museums Hyland House (Guilford, Conn.) Enslaved persons Slavery: Freed persons: (Candace: Ryan see https://hylandhouse.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Candace.pdf)

Title: Joslyn Castle & Gardens

URL: https://joslyncastle.com/

Description: "Joslyn Castle & Gardens serves as a physical reminder of the immense philanthropic legacies of its original residents, George and Sarah Joslyn."

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Subject:   Historic house museums Joslyn Castle (Omaha, Neb.) Joslyn, Sarah, 1851-1940 Women philanthropists Suffragists Suffrage Joslyn, George Alfred, 1848-1916

Title: Pitney House Museum

URL: https://junctioncity.com/history/pitney.htm

Description: Mary Pitney (1891-1995) was a school teacher, published poet, painter, world traveler, and humanitarian. Born and raised in this house, she lived the later years of her life here. Mary's house was originally built as a town house for railroad workers.

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Subject:   Historic house museums Women

Title: Kelton House Museum and Garden

URL: https://keltonhouse.com/

Description: In 1852 Fernando Kelton built the home for he and his wife Sophia Stone Kelton. Because Fernando was deeply involved in Abolitionism, it is thought that he perhaps chose the house's location to conceal his involvement in the Underground Railroad. The Kelton’s helped a number of fugitive slaves and their home was considered a safe house on the Underground Railroad, despite the fact that such acts were strictly forbidden by law. Although the Kelton family is the only family that owned the house, one other family made 586 E. Town Street, their home. When Martha Hartway and her sister Pearl arrived at the Kelton house in 1864, Sophia and Fernando sheltered the fugitives . The girls had escaped slavery from a plantation in Powhaton County, Virginia and found shelter in the Kelton Home. Pearl soon left on her journey north to reach Canada but Martha stayed as she was ill. Martha was raised in the Kelton home.

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Subject:   Historic house museums Underground Railroad Slavery Enslaved persons Fugative slaves Abolitionists Kelton, Fernando Cortez, 1812-1866 Kelton, Sophia Langdon Stone, 1819-1888 Kelton House Museum and Garden Antoslavery movements Hartway, Martha, 1858-1924 Women abolitionists

Title: Lee-Fendall House and Garden

URL: https://leefendallhouse.org/

Description: "The Lee-Fendall House Museum & Garden interprets American history through the experiences of the people who lived and worked on the property from 1785 to 1969."

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Subject:   Historic house museums Enslaved persons Slavery Free African Americans Lee-Fendall House

Title: Locus Grove

URL: https://locustgrove.org/

Description: "We preserve and interpret the historic landscape and buildings of Locust Grove, the final home of Louisville's founder George Rogers Clark, and tell the stories of all the individuals who lived and worked here, both free and enslaved, cultivating a deeper understanding of the present through a richer understanding of the past. "

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Subject:   Locust Grove (Louisville, Ky. : Estate) Clark, George Rogers, 1752-1818 Enslaved persons Historic house museums

Title: Melrose Plantation

URL: https://melroseonthecane.com/

Description: "Established in the late 18th century by Marie Therese Coincoin, a former slave who became a wealthy businesswoman, the grounds contain what may well be the oldest buildings of African design built by Blacks, for the use of Blacks, in the country. Melrose Plantation is a unique site founded by Louis Metoyer, the son of Coincoin, that reflects the birth of a culture known today as the Cane River Creole. The Metoyer family became the leading family in the community of Isle Brevelle, known for its population of gens de couleur libre, or free people of color, who thrived along the Cane River."

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Subject:   Historic house museums Melrose Plantation (La.) Marie Therese Coincoin, 1742-approximately 1816 Henry, Carmelite Garrett, 1871-1948 Women Creoles Free African Americans.

Title: Merchant's House Museum

URL: https://merchantshouse.org/

Description: "The Museum tells the story of the domestic life of a wealthy merchant family and their four Irish servants, 1835-1865, when the mercantile seaport of New York City emerged as a growing metropolis and the commercial emporium of America."

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Subject:   Merchant's House Museum (New York, N.Y.) Immigrants Women household employees Historic house museums

Title: Moffat-Ladd House & Garden

URL: https://moffattladd.org/

Description: "The purpose of the Moffatt-Ladd House and Garden is to interpret American, New Hampshire, and Portsmouth history through the lives and possessions of the inhabitants of the house, both free and enslaved."

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Subject:   Historic house museums Moffatt-Ladd House (Portsmouth, N.H.) Women Enslaved persons Slavery Free African Americans

Title: Knott House Museum

URL: https://museumoffloridahistory.com/visit/knott-house-museum/

Description: "The house currently known as the Knott House was constructed in 1843, probably by George Proctor, a free Black builder. Attorney Thomas Hagner and his bride Catherine Gamble became the home's first residents the following year. He was also a slave owner. In 1842, he and his law partner purchased eight enslaved Black people. Likely, they rented out these enslaved laborers to others, a common practice. Enslaved people in town worked in hotels as waiters, cooks, or maids, sometimes as clerks in merchant stores, alongside their enslavers in skilled trades, and in private homes. Hagner personally owned at different times one to three enslaved Black people."

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Subject:   Historic house museums Enslaved persons Slavery Knott House Museum (Tallahassee, Fla.)

Title: 1897 Poe House

URL: https://museumofthecapefear.ncdcr.gov/1897-poe-house/

Description: "Learn about life in the first decades of the twentieth century and the changes that defined this era by touring the home of this affluent Fayetteville businessman and his family." This website includes mention of servants.

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Subject:   Historic house museums Women household employees E.A. Poe House (Fayetteville, N.C.)

Title: Homewood Museum

URL: https://museums.jhu.edu/homewood-museum/

Description: Built circa 1801 for members of Maryland’s prominent Carroll family, the house also was home to at least 25 enslaved individuals, including William and Rebecca Ross and their two children and Izadod and Cis Conner and six of their 13 children."

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Subject:   Carroll family Carroll, Charles, 1775-1825 Homewood House Museum (Johns Hopkins University) Slavery Enslaved persons Historic house museums

Title: Wanton-Lyman-Hazard House

URL: https://newporthistory.org/properties/wanton-lyman-hazard-house/

Description: "This house has been home to a number of enslaved Africans including: Briston, Jenny, and Casen during Howard’s ownership, and Cardardo during Wanton’s ownership. We currently know the most about Cardardo Wanton, who is the likely original owner of an African spirit bundle found under the floorboards of the attic in 2006, where it is likely the enslaved residents of the house slept. Cardardo was manumitted in 1775."

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Subject:   Historic house musems Enslaved persons Newport (R.I.). Wanton-Lyman-Hazard House Slavery Free African Americans

Title: Hancock House

URL: https://nj.gov/dep/parksandforests/historic/hancockhouse.html

Description: The house was built in 1734 by William & Sarah Hancock, a prominent Salem County Quaker family. Cornelia Hancock (1840-1927), a decedent of William Hancock, was a volunteer Civil War nurse. After the war, she founded the Laing School for Freedmen in Mount Pleasant, SC. Ten years later she returned to the Philadelphia area and founded several charities.

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Subject:   Historic house museums Hancock House (Hancocks Bridge, N.J.) Hancock, Cornelia, 1840-1927 Women philanthropists Women nurses

Title: Oak Alley Plantation

URL: https://oakalleyplantation.org/

Description: "Oak Alley as a sugar plantation was built by and relied on enslaved men, women and children. This self-guided exhibit focuses on some of the individuals who were owned and kept on the plantation, their lives and living conditions. It also includes a look into life after emancipation, as laborers continued to live in the increasingly squalid housing until the 20th century. "

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Subject:   Historic house museums Historic sites Enslaved persons Agricultural laborers Slavery

Title: Oatlands Historic House and Gardens

URL: https://oatlands.org/

Description: "The success of Oatlands depended upon a slave economy; by 1860, the enslaved community at Oatlands numbered 133 men, women, and children."

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Subject:   Historic house museums Enslaved persons Slavery Oatlands (Va.)

Title: Oxmoor Farm

URL: https://oxmoorfarm.org/

Description: "Come and hear the stories that Oxmoor has to tell of early pioneer days and the Native Americans, the history of hemp cultivation in Kentucky, the antebellum years and the enslaved community that lived and worked here, through the gilded age and present day. "

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Subject:   Indigenous peoples Women landscape architects Coffin, Marian Cruger, 1876-1957 Slavery Enslaved persons Historic house museums

Title: Schuyler Mansion State Historic Site

URL: https://parks.ny.gov/historic-sites/schuylermansion/details.aspx

Description: "Schuyler Mansion was home to Philip J. Schuyler, the Revolutionary War Major General, US Senator, agrarian, and businessman. Throughout the Schuyler family occupancy from 1763-1804, the mansion was the site of military strategizing, political hobnobbing, elegant social affairs, and an active family life. It was also home to more than fifty enslaved laborers, servants, and artisans over that span."

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Subject:   Historic house museums Schuyler Mansion (Albany, N.Y.) Schuyler, Philip John, 1733-1804 Enslaved persons Slavery Household employees

Title: Pearl S. Buck International

URL: https://pearlsbuck.org/

Description: "Pearl S. Buck was a Pulitzer and Nobel Prize-winning author and a driving force in humanitarian causes. She was a longtime advocate of cross-cultural understanding and racial harmony as a means of achieving world peace. We continue her legacy of bridging cultures and changing lives through intercultural education, humanitarian aid, and sharing the Pearl S. Buck House National Historic Landmark museum."

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Subject:   Women authors Buck, Pearl S. (Pearl Sydenstricker), 1892-1973 Historic house museums

Title: Pearl S. Buck Birthplace

URL: https://pearlsbuckbirthplace.com/

Description: "Located in the heart of the Appalachian Mountains, the Pearl S. Buck Birthplace Museum showcases the home in which the Nobel and Pulizter Prize-winning author was born in 1892."

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Subject:   Historic house museums Buck, Pearl S. (Pearl Sydenstricker), 1892-1973. Women authors: Women social reformers Stulting House (Hillsboro, W. Va.)

Title: Pendarvis

URL: https://pendarvis.wisconsinhistory.org/

Description: "Business and life partners Bob Neal and Edgar Hellum met in 1934 and dedicated their lives to saving the structures and stories of Mineral Point’s mining history. The couple salvaged, restored, and made these buildings shine again."

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Subject:   Historic house museums Sexual minorities Gay men

Title: Henry Whitfield State Museum

URL: https://portal.ct.gov/DECD/Content/Historic-Preservation/04_State_Museums/Henry-Whitfield-State-Museum/

Description: "Construction of the Henry Whitfield House began in 1639 when a group of English Puritans, including Reverend Henry Whitfield and his family, entered into an agreement with the Menunkatuck band of the Quinnipiac tribe and renamed the area Guilford. The Henry Whitfield House is a physical reminder of the European settler colonialism of the 1600s, as well as the Colonial Revival era of the 1800s-1900s that celebrated and glorified European ethnocentricity and superiority. The museum is striving to confront the facts about the site’s history in order to acknowledge past injustice, recognize how that injustice manifests in society today, and work towards an equitable future for all people."

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Subject:   Historic house museums Henry Whitfield State Museum (Conn.) Indigenous peoples Quinnipiac Indians

Title: Joseph Lloyd Manor

URL: https://preservationlongisland.org/joseph-lloyd-manor/

Description: "The house was the center of a plantation established in the late 17th century on the ancestral lands of the Matinecock Nation. Jupiter Hammon, one of the first published African American writers, was one of the many people of African descent enslaved at the site."

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Subject:   Enslaved persons Indigenous peoples Historic house museums

Title: Bacon's Castle

URL: https://preservationvirginia.org/historic-sites/bacons-castle/

Description: "Bacon’s Castle is a rare example of High Jacobean architecture. Several outbuildings also survive, including an 1830 slave dwelling."

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Subject:   Nat Turner's Rebellion, Virginia, 1831 Slavery Enslaved persons Bacon's Castle (Va.) Historic house museums

Title: John Marshall House

URL: https://preservationvirginia.org/historic-sites/john-marshall-house/

Description: "Welcome to the John Marshall House, the 1790 residence of our fourth Supreme Court Chief Justice, his family, and 8-16 enslaved servants at any given time until 1835."

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Subject:   Historic house museums Enslaved persons Slavery John Marshall House (Richmond, Va.) Marshall, John, 1755-1835.

Title: Reynolds Homestead

URL: https://reynoldshomestead.vt.edu/history.html

Description: "The Reynolds Homestead was built in 1843 as the Rock Spring Plantation, in Critz, Virginia, by Hardin Reynolds, a successful farmer and tobacco manufacturer. The Reynolds family used enslaved labor on their plantation farm and in their home. A cemetery for the enslaved and their descendants is located on the property."

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Subject:   Historic house museums Reynolds Homestead (Va.) Enslaved persons Slavery African American cemeteries Slave cemeteries

Title: John Parker House

URL: https://ripleyohio.net/museum-john-parker-house/

Description: The Parker House is a National Historic Landmark, home of African-American abolitionist, John Parker. Parker, who advanced his status from former slave to successful patented inventor and businessman in Ripley before the Civil War, is credited with assisting hundreds of slaves to make their way north to freedom through his Front Street home. Parker frequently crossed the Ohio River to bring across fugitive slaves into Ohio, keeping the Underground Railroad filled with passengers.

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Subject:   Historic house museums Underground Railroad Slavery Enslaved persons Fugative slaves Anti-slavery movements Parker, John P., 1827-1900 John P. Parker National Historic Site (Ripley, Ohio) Freed persons African American abolitionists

Title: Riverside, the Farnsley-Moreman Landing

URL: https://riverside-landing.org/

Description: "Standing atop a gentle rise overlooking the Ohio River, the Farnsley-Moremen House is the centerpiece of a 300-acre historic site in Louisville, Kentucky, called Riverside, the Farnsley-Moremen Landing. Built circa 1837, the house stands as a testament to the important role agriculture along the river played in the development of our country."

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Subject:   Slavery Enslaved persons Historic house museums

Title: Rossetter House Museum

URL: https://rossetterhousemuseum.org/

Description: Carrie Rossetter was an important figure in Eau Gallie local history and business. She was an early woman in business, the first woman to hold a Standard Oil Distributorship, running oil distributorship for Standard Oil Kentucky (now Chevron) for 62 years. She built some of the first gasoline stations in South Brevard and was the sole distributor of oil to the Banana River Naval Air Station's civilian air force during the Second World War. Carrie also continued her father's interests in the areas of both cattle and citrus and was a large benefactor of several charities in Central Florida.

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Subject:   Historic house museums Caroline Rossetter (1898-1999) Businesswomen Women philanthropists

Title: Royall House and Slave Quarters

URL: https://royallhouse.org/

Description: "In the eighteenth century, the Royall House and Slave Quarters was home to the largest slaveholding family in Massachusetts and the enslaved Africans who made their lavish way of life possible."

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Subject:   Historic house museums Enslaved persons Isaac Royall House (Medford, Mass.) Slavery Royall, Isaac, 1677-1739 Free African Americans

Title: Hampton Plantation State Historic Site

URL: https://southcarolinaparks.com/hampton/

Description: "Hampton Plantation State Historic Site is home to the remote, final remnants of a colonial-era rice plantation. The plantation now serves as an interpretive site for the system of slavery and rice cultivation in the region from the colonial period through the end of the Civil War."

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Subject:   Historic house museums Hampton Plantation State Park (S.C.) Slavery Enslaved persons

Title: Redcliffe Plantation

URL: https://southcarolinaparks.com/redcliffe/

Description: "Redcliffe Plantation, completed in 1859, was once the home of James Henry Hammond, three generations of his descendants, and numerous African-American families like the Henleys, Goodwins, and Wigfalls who worked at the site as enslaved laborers and later as free men and women."

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Subject:   Historic house museums Redcliffe Plantation State Historic Site Enslaved persons Slavery Hammond, James Henry, 1807-1864. Freed persons

Title: Spring Hill Historic Home

URL: https://springhillhistorichome.org/

Description: The Rotches moved to Ohio in 1811 and settled at Spring Hill Farm. Like many other Quakers, Thomas and Charity were opposed to slavery, and their farm became a station on the Underground Railroad. Escaped slaves were hidden in the upper story of the spring house, and passed on to a station near Stow, or others in the area. After the deaths of Thomas Rotch in 1823 and Charity Rotch in 1824, the Wales family continued harboring and protecting runaway slaves on the site.

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Subject:   Historic house museums Underground Railroad Slavery Enslaved persons Fugative slaves Abolitionists Spring Hill Historic Home (Massillon, Ohio) Rotch, Thomas, 1767-1823 Rotch, Charity Rodman, 1766-1824 Quakers Women abolitionists Wales, Arvine, 1785-1854

Title: Stan Hywet Hall & Gardens

URL: https://stanhywet.org/

Description: Home of F.A. Seiberling, co-founder of The Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company, and his wife Gertrude, an accomplished artist, musician and patron of the arts.

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Subject:   Historic house museums Stan Hywet Hall (Akron, Ohio) Women music patrons Women artists Seiberling, Gertrude, 1866-1946 Seiberling, Frank A. (Frank Augustus), 1859-1955

Title: Stawberry Hill Museum and Cultural Center

URL: https://strawberryhillmuseum.org/

Description: "The Strawberry Hill Museum and Cultural Center celebrates the many nationalities of Kansas City residents. Built in 1887, the core building is an outstanding example of Victorian Queen Anne Style architecture and was home to the Cruise-Scroggs family for 32 years. In 1919, the mansion was opened by the Sisters of St. Francis of Christ the King to care for children orphaned during the 1918 influenza pandemic."

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Title: Ten Broeck Mansion

URL: https://tenbroeckmansion.org/

Description: "An important part of the history of the Ten Broeck Mansion is the acknowledgement of the contributions of enslaved persons, servants, artists, and artisans to creating Albany’s history." Thomas Worth Olcott, president of the Mechanics and Farmers Bank of Albany and investor in businesses owned by African Americans, and his family were prominent Albany bankers, philanthropists, and supporters of abolition. Roseanna Vosburgh was the Olcott’s household manager; during the sixty-four years she spent working as a paid employee for the Olcotts, she supervised a staff of Irish servants. An abolitionist, a founder of a society to raise funds for African American children, and philanthropist, Vosburgh created a charity to serve the needs of African American women in Albany.

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Subject:   Historic house museums Enslaved persons Slavery Women Immigrants, Household employees Freed persons Ten Broeck Mansion (Albany, N.Y.) Vosburgh, Roseanna, 1800-1884 Household employees Irish Abolitionists Thomas Worth Olcott, 1795-1880 African Americans

Title: Andrew Jackcon's Hermitage

URL: https://thehermitage.com/

Description: The 1,000-acre (400 ha)+ site was owned by Andrew Jackson, the seventh president of the United States, from 1804 until his death at the Hermitage in 1845.

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Subject:   Historic house museums Enslaved persons Jackson, Andrew, 1767-1845 Hermitage (Hermitage, Tenn.) Slavery

Title: The Hermitage

URL: https://thehermitage.org/

Description: Built around 1760 and renovated in 1847, The Hermitage Museum is a

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Subject:   Historic house museums Burr, Theodosia Bartow Prevost, 1746-1794 Hermitage (Hohokus, N.J.) Women American loyalists Rosenkranz family Women

Title: Mission House

URL: https://thetrustees.org/place/the-mission-house/

Description: "John Sergeant arrived in 1734 as a missionary to assimilate the Mohican people. He learned their language so he could speak and preach to them without an interpreter. He built the Mission House around 1742 for his family and continued to defend the Mohican’s interests against white colonists until his death in 1749."

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Subject:   Historic house museums Mission House (Stockbridge, Mass.) Indigenous peoples Stockbridge Indians Mahican Indians Sergeant, John, 1710-1749

Title: Tudor Place

URL: https://tudorplace.org/

Description: "Tudor Place Historic House & Garden preserves the stories of six generations of descendants of Martha Washington, and the enslaved and free people who lived and worked at this Georgetown landmark for nearly two centuries."

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Subject:   Tudor Place (Washington, D.C.) Immigrants Free African Americans Women Household employees Slavery Enslaved persons Historic house museums

Title: Belle Meade Historic Site & Winery

URL: https://visitbellemeade.com/

Description: "Greek Revival-style plantation house & grounds dating to the 1840s,"

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Subject:   Historic house museums Historic sites Enslaved persons Women Belle Meade Plantation (Tenn.) Slavery

Title: Farmington

URL: https://visitfarmington.org/

Description: "Farmington is a 19th century home and former hemp plantation. From 1809 until John Speed’s death in 1840, between 20 and 70 enslaved African Americans worked on the plantation. The average Kentucky slaveholder owned fewer than five slaves, but Farmington, with its large slave population, resembled the large plantations of the state’s Bluegrass region."

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Subject:   Historic house museums Enslaved persons Slavery Speed family

Title: Wistariahurst

URL: https://wistariahurst.org/

Description: "Wistariahurst is the former home of William Skinner, a prominent silk manufacturer and was built in 1874."

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Subject:   Historic house museums Women household employees Household employees Wistariahurst (Holyoke, Mass.)

Title: Ware-Lyndon Historic House Museum

URL: https://www.accgov.com/2779/Ware-Lyndon-Historic-House/

Description: "The historic Ware-Lyndon House Museum hosts a decorative collection reflecting two prosperous doctors and their families: Dr. Edward Ware and Dr. Edward Lyndon. However, the current narrative of the house does not tell the full, dynamic and truthful story of the enslaved plantation and domestic workers. In 2019, a research project began in pursuit of a more holistic account of the Ware-Lyndon House and its inhabitants."

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Subject:   Historic house museums Enslaved persons Slavery

Title: Amelia Earhart Birthplace Museum

URL: https://www.ameliaearhartmuseum.org/

Description: Childhood home of the American air pilot Amelia Mary Earhart. Earhart was the first woman to cross the Atlantic Ocean in an airplane in 1928.

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Subject:   Historic house museums Amelia Earhart Birthplace Museum Earhart, Amelia, 1897-1937 Women air pilots

Title: American Labor Museum/Botto House National Landmark

URL: https://www.american-labor-museum.org/

Description: "The American Labor Museum is housed in the Botto House National Landmark, a 1908 Victorian home, which belonged to Italian immigrant and silk mill worker, Pietro Botto and his wife Maria. It was the meeting place for over 20,000 silk mill workers during the 1913 Paterson Silk Strike. The strikers called for safe working conditions, an end to child labor, and an eight-hour day. This action and others like it brought about reforms in the workplace that are broadly enjoyed by Americans today."

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Subject:   Historic house museums American Labor Museum/Botto House National Landmark Immigrants Italian Americans Employees Silk Workers' Strike, Paterson, N.J., 1913 Botto, Pietro, 1864-1945 Botto, Maria, 1870-1915

Title: Anna Ranch Heritage Center

URL: https://www.annaranch.org/

Description: Anna Lindsey Perry-Fiske was known as the “First Lady of Ranching” in Hawaii and her family owned the 110-acre ranch for five generations. Born in 1900, she grew up learning to rope, ride, and mend fences. She went on to take over the family ranch after her father passed away. Anna brought new breeds of cattle to the island and implemented groundbreaking ranching practices while managing the ranch.

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Subject:   Historic house museums Women ranchers Perry-Fiske, Anna Lindsey, 1900-1995 Anna Ranch Heritage Center

Title: Margaret Mitchell House & Museum

URL: https://www.atlantahistorycenter.com/buildings-and-grounds/atlanta-history-center-midtown/

Description: Both beloved and condemned from almost the moment of its publication, Gone With the Wind went on to shape the way that millions of people imagined the American Civil War for decades to come. Despite its popularity, the depictions of enslavement, the Civil War, the American South, and historic Atlanta are not accurate. We explore the complex issues raised by Gone With the Wind and by Mitchell’s life as well as the popularity along with criticism of the book and film. And to understand the difference of historical fiction from historical fact, we encourage open discussion about the content of the book and film, the evidence from historical reality, and Margaret Mitchell’s life. History is not simple. Our ongoing interpretation is responsive to new research, evidence, and analysis."

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Subject:   Historic house museums Mitchell, Margaret, 1900-1949, Women novelists Margaret Mitchell House and Museum (Atlanta, Ga.)

Title: Swan House

URL: https://www.atlantahistorycenter.com/buildings-and-grounds/swan-house/

Description: "Many household staff members were African American men and women. Discriminatory Jim Crow legislation created barriers to education, politics, and employment for many black southerners. However, during this time, Atlanta was home to a rising black middle and upper classes due in part to the large group of black universities and black owned businesses and cultural institutions."

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Subject:   Historic house museums Household employees, African Americans Swan House (Atlanta, Ga.)

Title: Steuben House

URL: https://www.bergencountyhistory.org/steuben-house/

Description: The Zabriskie-Steuben House has long been esteemed a Revolutionary

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Subject:   Historic house museums Slavery Enslaved persons Indentured servants Steuben House (River Edge, N.J.)

Title: Oak Hill & The Martha Berry Museum

URL: https://www.berry.edu/oakhill/

Description: Martha Berry founded the Berry Schools for academically able but economically poor children of the rural South and is among Georgia's most prominent women.

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Subject:   Historic house museums Berry, Martha, 1866-1942 Women educators Mount Berry (Ga.) Oak Hill and the Martha Berry Museum

Title: Bidwell House Museum

URL: https://www.bidwellhousemuseum.org/

Description: "Learn about the history of the house, the story of the Bidwell family, and life in the 18th-century Berkshire Hills."

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Subject:   Historic house museums Indigenous peoples Mohican Indians

Title: Stanwood Homestead

URL: https://www.birdsacre.com/history2/

Description: "Birdsacre was the home of Cordelia J. Stanwood, pioneering naturalist, ornithologist, photographer, and writer. She inspired and embodied Birdsacre’s mission through her deep appreciation of nature, conservation, and education."

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Subject:   Historic house museums Stanwood, Cornelia, 1875- Women naturalists

Title: Boone Hall Plantation

URL: https://www.boonehallplantation.com

Description: "Boone Hall Plantation was founded in 1681 when Englishman Major John Boone came to Charleston and established a lucrative plantation and gracious home on the banks of Wampacheone Creek."

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Subject:   Historic house museums Enslaved persons Slavery

Title: Cannonball House

URL: https://www.cannonballhouse.org/

Description: The Cannonball House was constructed in 1853 as a planter's townhouse for Judge Asa Holt."The original brick kitchen and servants quarter is only a short walk behind the house. The upper level of the building was once occupied by slave house servants while the bottom floor was used for food preparation and dining."

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Subject:   Historic house museums Enslaved persons Slavery Gaineswood (Demopolis, Ala.) Whitfield, Nathan Bryan, 1824-1868 Free African Americans

Title: McLeod Plantation Historic Site

URL: https://www.ccprc.com/1447/McLeod-Plantation-Historic-Site/

Description: "Established in 1851, McLeod Plantation has borne witness to some of the most significant periods of our nation’s history. Today McLeod Plantation Historic Site is an important 37-acre Gullah/Geechee heritage site that has been carefully preserved in recognition of its cultural and historical significance."

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Subject:   Historic house museums Historic sites Enslaved persons Slavery

Title: Hamblin House

URL: https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/learn/locations/hamblin-home?lang=eng

Description: "This stone home in Santa Clara, Utah housed Jacob Hamblin and his family during his missionary service among the Paiutes."

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Subject:   Historic house museums Mormons Hamblin, Jacob, 1819-1886 Indigenous peoples Paiute Indians Indians of North America--Missions

Title: Fort Hill

URL: https://www.clemson.edu/about/history/properties/fort-hill/

Description: "Life at Fort Hill, and all of its financial growth, was only possible because of the physical labor and sheer determination of the enslaved African Americans who toiled on the 450 acre cultivated land, producing maintaining the household, and performing construction of the plantation."

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Subject:   Historic house museums Fort Hill Plantation (S.C.) Enslaved persons Slavery Calhoun, John C. (John Caldwell), 1782-1850.

Title: Hanover House

URL: https://www.clemson.edu/about/history/properties/hanover/

Description: "Although the status and wealth of Hanover was made possible only through the labor of these African Americans, their names, families, and aspects of their lives are lost to history, unrecorded by the white families who enslaved them, except for those whose names appear in the wills, forever bound to the land and extended Ravenel families."

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Subject:   Historic house museums Enslaved persons Slavery

Title: Duilie Rose Harris House Museum

URL: https://www.columbushpt.com/index.php/historical-properties/dilue-rose-harris-house/

Description: "Dilue [Rose] is best known for her book Reminiscences, in which she tells of her family’s close acquaintance with the several leaders of the Texas Revolution and recounts her journey during the Runaway Scrape… Dilue married New York State native Ira Harris in 1839 and they moved to Columbus in 1845. Ira Harris became Sheriff of Colorado County and served for a number of years. They built their modest “tabby” home in 1858 and lived in it with their nine children."

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Subject:   Historic house museums Women pioneers Harris, Dilue Rose, 1825-1914

Title: Schlegelmilch House

URL: https://www.cvmuseum.com/explore/historic-buildings/21/schlegelmilch-house/

Description: "The Schlegelmilch-Barland Collection, with the house at its center, highlights themes of immigration, class structure, community, and 20th century suburbanization in the Chippewa Valley. Built in 1871, by a German immigrant merchant family, the house had already seen the boom and bust of the lumber industry and Eau Claire’s transition into a “modern” city by the time it was renovated in 1906."

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Subject:   Historic house museums Immigrants Schlegelmilch, Herrmann, approximately 1830-1903 German Americans

Title: Daly Mansion

URL: https://www.dalymansion.org/

Description: "The Daly Mansion is the historic family home of Copper King and the founder of Hamilton, Montana—Marcus Daly and his wife Margaret."

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Subject:   Historic house museums Household employees Daly Mansion Daly, Margaret Price Evans, 1853-1941

Title: Drake House Museum

URL: https://www.drakehouseplainfieldnj.org/

Description: Isaac Drake purchases the 111 acres that the house is to be built on and he, his sons and their slaves, Tone, Tom, and Caesar begin construction. It is completed in 1746. Isaac Drake dies in 1759 and in his will frees his slave Cate. The other three slaves, Tom, Tone, and Cesar, are to be freed 10 years after his death and freed in 1769.

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Subject:   Historic house museums Slavery Enslaved persons Drake House Museum (Plainfield, N.J.) Drake, Isaac, 1717-1756

Title: Edmonston-Alston House

URL: https://www.edmondstonalston.org/

Description: "Constructed nearly 200 years ago, circa 1825, the Edmondston-Alston House presents a unique history of the people, both free and enslaved, who lived and labored on this property. Its collection of furniture, silver and decorative arts, largely original to those who owned the house, constitutes a rich, complex history of Charleston in the 19th century."

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Subject:   Historic house museums Enslaved persons Slavery

Title: White Hall

URL: https://www.eku.edu/whitehall/

Description: "First built in 1799 by Green Clay, a prominent businessman, surveyor, and slave owner, the original home contained seven rooms and spanned roughly 3,000 square feet. The home was later passed on to his son Cassius Marcellus Clay, a writer and politician known for his emancipationist views and his role as U.S. Minister to Russia. Cassius Clay's daughters were incredibly active in the Women's Suffrage Movement, including Laura Clay, who went on to become the first woman to be nominated a candidiate for President of the United States."

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Subject:   Historic house museums Enslaved persons Slavery Clay, Laura, 1849-1941 Clay, Cassius Marcellus, 1810-1903 Suffragists Suffrage Abolitionists White Hall (Ky.) Clay, Green, 1757-1826

Title: Evergreen Plantation

URL: https://www.evergreenplantation.org/

Description: "Evergreen Plantation is the most intact plantation complex in the South with 37 buildings on the National Register of Historic Places, including 22 slave cabins. More than 400 individuals were enslaved at Evergreen Plantation over the course of 150 years.  Many were exceptionally skilled, working as long sawyers, coopers, carpenters, blacksmiths, engineers, seamstresses, and domestics.  Some could trace their ancestry back multiple generations to the first slaves brought to the plantation. This diverse community was made up of Africans, the enslaved from the American South, and Creoles of Louisiana. Today, Evergreen Plantation remains a privately owned, working sugar cane plantation."

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Subject:   Historic house museums Enslaved persons Slavery Free African Americans Enslaved persons--Dwellings

Title: Four Mile House

URL: https://www.fourmilepark.org/about/about-four-mile/

Description: "The Four Mile House is pleased to share the history of the site, which stretches much farther back than the house’s 160+ years. Businesswoman Mary Cawker purchases the Four Mile House from the Bratner Brothers and opens an inn for travelers along the Cherokee Trail. In the 1800s, it was rare for a single woman to own ans operate her own business."

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Subject:   Historic house museums Businesswomen Four Mile Historic House (Denver)

Title: Frances Willard House Museum and Archives

URL: https://www.franceswillardmuseum.org/

Description: "Built in 1865, and patterned after a design by Andrew J. Downing, this Evanston house was home to Frances Willard (1839-1898). Both author and activist, Frances Willard lived and worked in this house during the years of her presidency of the Woman’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU). For many of those years, the house also served as an informal national headquarters for the WCTU and a boarding house for its workers."

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Subject:   Historic house museums Women social reformers Willard, Frances E. (Frances Elizabeth), 1839-1898

Title: Rock Hall Museum

URL: https://www.friendsofrockhall.org/

Description: "It was once the home of Josiah Martin, an English sugar plantation owner who was born and raised on the West Indian island of Antigua...The 1790 U.S. census showed that the Martins owned 17 slaves, making them the largest slaveholders in what was then Queens County."

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Subject:   Historic house museums Enslaved persons Slavery

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