Title: “The greatest need was to be listened to”: The importance of mental health and psychosocial support during COVID-19

URL: https://www.interaction.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Countering-Stigmatization-in-the-Humanitarian-Response-to-COVID19-1.pdf

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This 16-page report highlights key findings and recommendations outlined in a webinar and roundtable event hosted by the InterAction Protection Working Group in July 2020 to discuss how stigma is impacting humanitarian responses during the COVID-19 pandemic, best practices, key challenges, and ways forward.

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Title: “130,000 – 210,000 AVOIDABLE COVID-19 DEATHS – AND COUNTING – IN THE U.S.”

URL: https://ncdp.columbia.edu/custom-content/uploads/2020/10/Avoidable-COVID-19-Deaths-US-NCDP.pdf

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This 13-page report looks at the staggering and disproportionate nature of COVID-19 fatalities in the United States, which now ranks first in the world in the total number of fatalities, to estimate how many deaths were "avoidable." It estimates that at least 130,000 deaths and perhaps as many as 210,000 could have been avoided with earlier policy interventions and more robust federal coordination and leadership.

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Title: [Withdrawn] COVID-19: long-term health effects - GOV.UK

URL: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/covid-19-long-term-health-effects

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This document provides information on the health problems reported in COVID-19 cases following acute disease, and guidance for healthcare professionals on how to advise recovering COVID-19 patients.

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Title: Zika virus disease epidemic: potential association with microcephaly and Guillain-Barré syndrome (first update)

URL: http://ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications/Publications/rapid-risk-assessment-zika-virus-first-update-jan-2016.pdf

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: Fact sheet titled, "Zika virus disease epidemic potential association with microcephaly and Guillain-Barre syndrome (first update)," published by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) website on January 21, 2016.

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Title: What tests could potentially be used for the screening, diagnosis and monitoring of COVID-19 and what are their advantages and disadvantages? - The Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine

URL: https://www.cebm.net/covid-19/what-tests-could-potentially-be-used-for-the-screening-diagnosis-and-monitoring-of-covid-19-and-what-are-their-advantages-and-disadvantages/

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: Many diagnostic tests for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are available so far, with more gaining emergency approval every day. This report analyzes these tests, which are largely based on four different techniques that are detailed.

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Title: What Do We Know About Children and Coronavirus Transmission? | KFF

URL: https://www.kff.org/coronavirus-covid-19/issue-brief/what-do-we-know-about-children-and-coronavirus-transmission/

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This review of the latest available data indicates that, while children who are infected with COVID-19 are more likely to be asymptomatic and less likely to experience severe disease (though a small subset become quite sick), they are capable of transmitting to both children and adults.

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Title: Weight management services during COVID-19: phase 1 insights - GOV.UK

URL: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/weight-management-services-during-covid-19-phase-1-insights

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This 69-page document is a rapid review to gain an understanding of how the pandemic affected people in lockdown, changes to weight management delivery and commissioning, and how services need to adapt in response to the recovery strategy.

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Title: WHO-convened global study of origins of SARS-CoV-2: China Part

URL: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/who-convened-global-study-of-origins-of-sars-cov-2-china-part

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

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Title: Virus origin / Origins of the SARS-CoV-2 virus

URL: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/332217/WHO-2019-nCoV-Human_animal_risk-2020.2-eng.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: A novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) was identified by Chinese authorities on January 7, 2020. Available evidence on the 2019-nCoV virus and previous experience with other coronavirus (MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV) and other respiratory viruses (e.g., avian influenza) suggest that there may be zoonotic transmission associated with the 2019-nCoV. This web page provides the World Health Organization's general recommendations, and recommendations for at-risk groups, regarding live animal markets to reduce risk of transmission of emerging pathogens.

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Title: Urban and rural differences in coronavirus pandemic preparedness - Peterson-KFF Health System Tracker

URL: https://www.healthsystemtracker.org/brief/urban-and-rural-differences-in-coronavirus-pandemic-preparedness/

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This brief analyzes variation in hospital bed capacity by region in the U.S. and by metro/non-metro status, and examines metro and non-metro differences in the share of the population that is at increased risk of COVID-19 due to age or health status. Non-metro areas are largely rural, and, even prior to the pandemic, face different challenges in health system capacity, including further travel times for patients and provider shortages.

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Title: Update: Severe Respiratory Disease Associated with a Novel Coronavirus; 7 December 2012

URL: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/sites/portal/files/media/en/publications/Publications/20121207-Novel-coronavirus-rapid-risk-assessment.pdf

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This six-page document is the second update of the Rapid Risk Assessment on severe respiratory disease associated with a novel coronavirus, known as Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). It was produced in view of two developments: the retrospective diagnosis of novel coronavirus infections in two fatal cases of severe pneumonia in April 2012 in Jordan, and the publication of the results of a European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control survey of European laboratories on diagnostic capacities for novel coronavirus in Europe.

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Title: Update: Severe Respiratory Disease Associated with a Novel Coronavirus; 26 November 2012

URL: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/rapid-risk-assessment-update-severe-respiratory-disease-associated-novel

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This five-page updated risk assessment discusses the public health risk implications of the detection of further novel coronavirus cases, known as Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), identified in, or coming from, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and Qatar. It updates information and conclusions from the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control's risk assessment of September 24, 2012.

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Title: United States Resource Availability for COVID-19 | SCCM

URL: https://sccm.org/Blog/March-2020/United-States-Resource-Availability-for-COVID-19

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This report addresses the most current data and estimates on the number of acute care, ICU, and step-down (eg, observation, progressive) beds; ICU occupancy rates; mechanical ventilators; and staffing available for the COVID-19 pandemic. It also seeks to provide context to the data.

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Title: Understanding the systemic nature of risk in the midst of COVID-19 | PreventionWeb

URL: https://www.preventionweb.net/news/why-does-understanding-systemic-nature-risk-matter-midst-covid-19

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This article explores the systemic nature of risk made visible by the COVID-19 global pandemic, what needs to change, and how we can make the paradigm shift from managing disasters to managing risks. It discusses how the COVID-19 global pandemic is a complex manifestation of systemic risk, and includes elements of surprise and non-linearity.

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Title: Understanding the impact of COVID-19: Key questions and info gaps | ACAPS

URL: https://www.acaps.org/special-report/understanding-impact-covid-19-key-questions-and-info-gaps

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This seven-page report provides an overview of the key information gaps and limitations in interpreting existing COVID-19 data. It lists environmental factors, secondary impact, pandemic trajectory, and response. It also identifies the big questions that are important for our understanding of the impact of COVID-19.

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Title: Understanding Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Children about COVID-19 | Save the Children’s Resource Centre

URL: https://resourcecentre.savethechildren.net/pdf/evidence_to_action_report-_save_the_children.pdf/

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: The overall objective of this 12-page rapid need assessment was to gain insights on the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of Cambodian children around COVID-19. The study aimed to understand the information needs of children, their preferred and most trusted communication channels, their current household situation, their understanding of the virus, and how they are protecting themselves, as well as their top concerns and needs.

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Title: Under the Radar: States Vary in Regulating and Reporting COVID-19 in Assisted Living Facilities | KFF

URL: https://www.kff.org/coronavirus-covid-19/issue-brief/under-the-radar-states-vary-in-regulating-and-reporting-covid-19-in-assisted-living-facilities/

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This analysis, updated on June 16, 2020, examines how states are regulating assisted living facilities in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, based on state-issued guidance for assisted living facilities on three key measures identified by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services pertaining to visitors to facilities, daily staff screening, and universal use of personal protective equipment by facility staff, for each of the 50 states and DC.

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Title: Unclassified Summary of Assessment on COVID-19 Origins

URL: https://www.dni.gov/files/ODNI/documents/assessments/Unclassified-Summary-of-Assessment-on-COVID-19-Origins.pdf

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

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Title: UNHCR MENA COVID-19 Emergency Response Update #24 (1 – 31 October 2021) - Syrian Arab Republic | ReliefWeb

URL: https://reliefweb.int/report/syrian-arab-republic/unhcr-mena-covid-19-emergency-response-update-24-1-31-october-2021

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

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Title: UK pandemic preparedness - GOV.UK

URL: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/uk-pandemic-preparedness

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This document sets out how the United Kingdom (UK) prepares for and responds to an infectious disease pandemic, particularly a potential outbreak of pandemic influenza; and how exercises carried out as part of pandemic preparedness have informed the UK's COVID-19 response.

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Title: UK Biobank COVID-19 antibody study: round 1 results - GOV.UK

URL: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/uk-biobank-covid-19-seroprevalence-study-round-1-results/uk-biobank-covid-19-seroprevalence-study-round-1-results

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This web page reports on an antibody study, undertaken by UK Biobank, to help understand the extent of previous infection with SARS-CoV-2 in different populations across the UK and whether they persist over time.

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Title: Trends in Overall and Non-COVID-19 Hospital Admissions | KFF

URL: https://www.kff.org/health-costs/issue-brief/trends-in-overall-and-non-covid-19-hospital-admissions/

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This report analyzed trends in total hospital admissions, and then separately analyzed non-COVID-19 admissions by patient sex, age, and region. It calculated actual admissions as a share of total predicted admissions in 2020 based on trends from past years.

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Title: Tracking COVID-19 in the United States - Prevent Epidemics

URL: https://preventepidemics.org/covid19/resources/indicators/

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: It is crucial that state, county, and city health departments publicly report essential data on COVID-19 using consistent indicators that can be compared both across regions and over time. To better understand the publicly available data that currently exists, this 21-page report reviewed the state-level data dashboard for all 50 U.S. states, and the District of Columbia.

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Title: Tracking COVID-19 in Immigration Detention | Vera Institute

URL: https://www.vera.org/tracking-covid-19-in-immigration-detention

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

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Title: Threat assessment brief: Outbreak of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Situation in Italy

URL: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/outbreak-novel-coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19-situation-italy

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This five-page report details the limited information currently available about the different COVID-19 clusters of cases in four regions in Italy. The risk associated with COVID-19 infection for people from the European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) and United Kingdom is currently considered to be low to moderate, but the risk assessment for the EU/EEA might change when more data become available. The risk of the occurrence of similar clusters, similar to the ones in Italy, associated with COVID-19 in other countries in the EU/EEA and the UK is currently considered to be moderate to high.

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Title: Threat Assessment Brief: Pneumonia cases possibly associated with a novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China

URL: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/pneumonia-cases-possibly-associated-novel-coronavirus-wuhan-china

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This three-page threat assessment details options for response and safety precautions regarding the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) and associated pneumonia cases that have been reported in Wuhan, China. It discusses a risk assessment for the European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA), including the risk for travelers, introduction, and further spread in the EU.

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Title: The potential impact of COVID-19 in refugee camps in Bangladesh and beyond: A modeling study

URL: https://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1003144

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

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Title: The pandemic’s effect on the widening gap in mortality rate between the U.S. and peer countries - Peterson-KFF Health System Tracker

URL: https://www.healthsystemtracker.org/brief/the-pandemics-effect-on-the-widening-gap-in-mortality-rate-between-the-u-s-and-peer-countries/

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This report compares where COVID-19 falls as a leading cause of death in the U.S. versus peer countries (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development [OECD] member nations with above median GDP and above median GDP per capita). It finds that COVID-19 mortality rates are the third leading cause of death in the U.S., and that the U.S. nears the top of the list of countries most affected by COVID-19 on a per capita basis, surpassed only by Belgium and the United Kingdom.

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Title: The Subways Seeded the Massive Coronavirus Epidemic in New York City | NBER

URL: https://www.nber.org/papers/w27021

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This 21-page study tests the hypothesis that New York City's multi-tentacled subway system was a major disseminator - if not the principal transmission vehicle - of coronavirus infection during the initial takeoff of the massive COVID-19 epidemic that became evident throughout the city during March 2020.

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Title: The Risk Contagion Effect - Headington Institute

URL: https://www.headington-institute.org/resource/the-risk-contagion-effect/

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This web page describes risk habituation, when our brain begins to numb itself to a perpetual threat, and the risk contagion effect, which is most often talked about in reference to "bear" and "bull" behaviors in the financial markets. It explains how this effect, along with risk habituation, can potentially muddy our judgment regarding the safety of our families, staff, and beneficiaries during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Title: The Impact of Coronavirus on Households Across America

URL: https://www.rwjf.org/en/insights/our-research/2020/09/the-impact-of-coronavirus-on-households-across-america.html

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This series of five polls conducted by NPR, the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, finds that a substantial share of U.S. households have not been protected from serious impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic across many areas of residents' lives.

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Title: The Global Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic

URL: https://www.cell.com/med/pdf/S2666-6340(20)30031-3.pdf

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

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Title: The Evolving Epidemiologic and Clinical Picture of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Disease in Children and Young People

URL: https://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/1107-the-evolving-epidemiologic-and-clinical-picture-of-sars-cov-2-and-covid-19-disease.html

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This 44-page paper reviews the epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and adolescents six months after the COVID-19 pandemic started, susceptibility and transmissibility of infection in children and adolescents, potential for mother-to-child transmission during pregnancy, and clinical manifestations of disease (morbidity and mortality) in children and adolescents, including in relation to pre-existing comorbidities and vulnerabilities.

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Title: The Critical Care Workforce and COVID-19: A State-by-State Analysis | KFF

URL: https://www.kff.org/coronavirus-covid-19/issue-brief/the-critical-care-workforce-and-covid-19-a-state-by-state-analysis/

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: There is concern that the availability of medical personnel capable of providing intensive care could be a limiting factor in the care of COVID-19 patients. This Data Note reports baseline estimates of the number of active critical care physicians and nurses in each state relative to state population.

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Title: The Contagion Externality of a Superspreading Event: The Sturgis Motorcycle Rally and COVID-19 | IZA Institute of Labor Economics

URL: http://ftp.iza.org/dp13670.pdf

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

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Title: The COVID-19 Outbreak at the Soldiers’ Home in Holyoke: An Independent Investigation Conducted for the Governor of Massachusetts - June 23, 2020

URL: https://www.mass.gov/doc/report-to-governor-baker-re-holyoke-soldiers-home/download

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

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Title: Tackling Covid-19 Pandemic through Integrating Digital Technology and Public Health - The Rockefeller Foundation

URL: https://www.rockefellerfoundation.org/report/tackling-covid-19-pandemic-through-integrating-digital-technology-and-public-health/

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: Through a combination of desktop research and key informant interviews used in this study, this 142-page report documents and analyses the impact and implications of the actions of the Chinese government and digital technology solutions during the COVID-19 pandemic. It offers an in-depth understanding of the actions and strategies implemented by the government, the roles digital technology played, the technologies used, and the impact made across six outbreak response categories.

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Title: THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES (Wave 1)

URL: https://www.theiacp.org/sites/default/files/IACP-GMU%20Survey.pdf

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This four-page joint report between the International Association of Chiefs of Police and the Center for Evidence-Based Crime Policy, George Mason University, summarizes a multi-wave panel survey to document the impacts of COVID-19 on law enforcement agencies in the United States and Canada. The report reflects preliminary results from the first panel of data collection, implemented between March 25 and April 3, 2020.

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Title: Survey Reveals Impact of COVID-19 on MB Churches

URL: https://mbfoundation.com/2020/07/22/survey-reveals-impact-of-covid-19-on-mb-churches/

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

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Title: Supply Shortages Impacting COVID-19 and Non-COVID Testing

URL: https://asm.org/Articles/2020/September/Clinical-Microbiology-Supply-Shortage-Collecti-1

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: ASM has partnered with the Association of Supply Chain Management to develop a survey to collect testing supplies status for COVID-19 tests, as well as other microbiological tests, to highlight, and ultimately alleviate, these supply chain issues. This web page will provide the survey findings each week on the most recent shortages of medium, reagents, collection devices, and consumables that are significantly impacting day-to-day testing for both COVID-19 and other infectious diseases, along with week-over-week longitudinal changes.

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Title: Summary Report of COVID-19 in People Experiencing Homelessness (PEH), 11/29/2021 to 12/5/2021

URL: http://publichealth.lacounty.gov/media/coronavirus/docs/SummaryReport_People_Experiencing_Homelessness.pdf

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

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Title: Strengthening Privacy Protections in COVID-19 Mobile Phone–Enhanced Surveillance Programs | RAND

URL: https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RBA365-1.html

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: As U.S. public health agencies consider COVID-19-related mobile surveillance programs, they will need to address privacy concerns to encourage broad uptake and protect against privacy harms. This eight-page report discusses how otherwise, COVID-19 mobile surveillance programs likely will be ineffective and the data collected unrepresentative of the situation on the ground.

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Title: Statement on the meeting of the International Health Regulations (2005) Emergency Committee for Ebola virusdisease in the Democratic Republic of the Congo on 17 July 2019

URL: https://www.who.int/ihr/procedures/statement-emergency-committee-ebola-drc-july-2019.pdf

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: Six-page PDF report on the July 17, 2019 meeting of the International Health Regulations (2005) Emergency Committee for Ebola virus disease in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The report includes meeting proceedings, context and discussion, and conclusions and advice.

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Title: State-Level COVID-19 Liability Protections - Network for Public Health Law

URL: https://www.networkforphl.org/resources/state-level-covid-19-liability-protections-2/

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: State public health and other emergency declarations issued in response to COVID-19 vary in breadth and scope, but do not typically explicitly address liability protections for healthcare workers. As noted in this three-page overview, select states have issued supplementary executive orders to provide immunity.

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Title: State Reporting of Cases and Deaths Due to COVID-19 in Long-Term Care Facilities | KFF

URL: https://www.kff.org/medicaid/issue-brief/state-reporting-of-cases-and-deaths-due-to-covid-19-in-long-term-care-facilities/

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This data note provides data on long-term care facility COVID-19 cases and deaths by state, using data reported directly by states (versus through news outlets) through either state COVID-19 reporting or state press releases. It includes all available long-term care facility data reported by state, including cases among both residents and staff, where available.

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Title: Social Dimensions of the Novel Coronavirus (nCoV) Outbreak and Response

URL: https://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/bitstream/handle/20.500.12413/15121/SSHAP_Social_Dimensions_nCoV_outbreak_response_meeting_report_Feb2020.pdf

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This nine-page report summarizes a roundtable meeting held on February 3, 2020, to discuss appropriate social science and humanities inputs that can improve understanding of the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease) outbreak in global terms, including the response in China, Asia, and around the world; identify social science evidence needs and modes of engagement with policymakers and practitioners that could inform preparedness and response over the next period; and foster mutual learning among social scientists and historians working in China and other settings about how their perspectives can most appropriately contribute.

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Title: Severe Respiratory Disease Associated with a Novel Coronavirus; 24 September 2012

URL: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/sites/portal/files/media/en/publications/Publications/RRA-Novel-coronavirus-final20120924.pdf

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This four-page rapid risk assessment was prepared to consider the risk to the public in the EU following the 2012 identification of a novel coronavirus, known as Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), in two patients, both having been in Saudi Arabia albeit three months apart. It includes conclusions, recommendations, and information and precautions for healthcare professionals.

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Title: Severe Respiratory Disease Associated with a Novel Coronavirus; 19 February 2013

URL: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/rapid-risk-assessment-severe-respiratory-disease-associated-novel-coronavirus-0

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This 10-page document is the third update of the rapid risk assessment of severe respiratory disease associated with a novel coronavirus, known as Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). It was produced in relation to three more laboratory-confirmed infections reported from the UK in the 10 days prior to February 19, 2013. The aim of this risk assessment is to document the important changes and their implications, and to summarize other knowledge gained since the update in December, 2012.

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Title: Severe Respiratory Disease Associated with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV)

URL: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/sites/portal/files/media/en/publications/Publications/risk-assessment-middle-east-respiratory-syndrome-coronavirus-MERS-CoV-17-may-2013.pdf

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This fourth update of the rapid risk assessment of severe respiratory disease associated with a novel coronavirus, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), was produced in relation to 22 additional cases of laboratory-confirmed infections reported in early 2013. The aim of this 14-page updated risk assessment is to review changes since the February 2013 update and assess the implications of change on the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control's recommendations for EU/EEA countries.

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Title: Science Brief: Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in K-12 Schools and Early Care and Education Programs - Updated | CDC

URL: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/science/science-briefs/transmission_k_12_schools.html

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

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Title: Science & Tech Spotlight: Contact Tracing Apps | U.S. GAO

URL: https://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-20-666SP

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This two-page document explains how contact tracing can help reduce transmission rates for infectious diseases like COVID-19 by identifying and notifying people who may have been exposed. Contact tracing apps, notably those using proximity tracing, could expedite such efforts. However, there are challenges, including accuracy, adoption rates, and privacy concerns about these apps.

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Title: Science & Tech Spotlight: COVID-19 Testing | U.S. GAO

URL: https://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-20-584SP

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This two-page Spotlight looks at the three types of FDA-authorized COVID-19 tests. Molecular and antigen tests help diagnose active infections. Molecular tests look for the virus's genetic material, while antigen tests look for unique parts of the virus. Results can be used for quarantines, routing supplies, and other uses. Serology tests look for antibodies in the blood to help determine prior exposure.

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Title: Science & Tech Spotlight: COVID-19 Modeling | U.S. GAO

URL: https://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-20-582SP

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This two-page document provides information about infectious disease models, which can help guide policy decisions, such as how to allocate health care resources in response to COVID-19. Interpreting models requires understanding their purpose, limitations, and assumptions.

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Title: SARS-CoV-2 Genetics

URL: https://www.centerforhealthsecurity.org/resources/COVID-19/COVID-19-fact-sheets/200128-nCoV-whitepaper.pdf

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This two-page document, updated on April 16, 2020, provides a summary of findings about SARSCoV-2 and COVID-19, which include that the outbreak was initiated from either a single introduction into humans or very few animal-to-human transmission events; and that SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 use the same cellular receptor, ACE2, which could be used as a starting point for creating therapeutics for SARS-CoV-2.

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Title: Rural Health and COVID-19

URL: https://files.asprtracie.hhs.gov/documents/aspr-tracie-rural-health-and-covid-19.pdf

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This eight-page document from TRACIE (Technical Resources, Assistance Center, and Information Exchange) provides an overview of the challenges faced by rural areas specific to COVID-19. It is intended to help hospital and health system emergency planners, as well as state and local public health emergency planners, better understand the challenges their communities may face.

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Title: Risks Related to Population Movement and Gatherings During Ramadan

URL: https://www.socialscienceinaction.org/resources/covid-19-risks-related-population-movement-gatherings-ramadan/

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This three-page note sets out key considerations in relation to COVID-19 during the holy month of Ramadan on the continent of Africa. It provides evidence to support design of protective public health policies, alternative practices, and reduction of risk. Anthrologica was commissioned to produce this brief.

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Title: Risk assessment: outbreak of acute respiratory syndrome associated with a novel coronavirus, China; First cases imported in the EU/EEA; second update

URL: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/risk-assessment-outbreak-acute-respiratory-syndrome-associated-novel-0

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This 16-page risk assessment report describes how on January 24, 2020, the first imported cases (three) of 2019-nCoV were identified in France. On the basis of the information currently available, it considers that the potential impact of 2019-nCoV outbreaks is high; further global spread is likely; and there is currently a moderate likelihood of infection for European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) citizens residing in or visiting Wuhan, China.

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Title: Risk assessment: Outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): increased transmission beyond China – fourth update

URL: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/outbreak-severe-acute-respiratory-syndrome-coronavirus-2-sars-cov-2-increased

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This 12-page updated rapid risk assessment for the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) provides the updated number of cases in and beyond China; description of cases and transmission reported in the European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) and the United Kingdom (UK); findings on disease and transmissibility from recent studies; risk to the healthcare systems in the EU/EEA and the UK; and risk to citizens from the EU/EEA and UK traveling or living in areas with presumed community transmission.

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Title: Risk assessment: Outbreak of acute respiratory syndrome associated with a novel coronavirus, Wuhan, China; first update

URL: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/risk-assessment-outbreak-acute-respiratory-syndrome-associated-novel-coronavirus

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This 12-page risk assessment is based on published information available as of January 21, 2020. On the basis of the information currently available, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) considers that the potential impact of 2019-nCoV outbreaks is high; further global spread is likely; there is currently a moderate likelihood of infection for European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) travelers visiting Wuhan, China; and there is a moderate likelihood of detecting cases imported into EU/EEA countries.

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Title: Risk assessment: Outbreak of acute respiratory syndrome associated with a novel coronavirus, China: first local transmission in the EU/EEA − third update

URL: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/risk-assessment-outbreak-acute-respiratory-syndrome-associated-novel-1

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This updated 11-page risk assessment is based on published information available as of January 30, 2020. It includes new information about increasing number of cases and deaths, in particular in China; first cluster of autochthonous transmission in the European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA); China CDC estimates for transmissibility; entry screening guidance; contact tracing guidance; findings from studies on initial cases; and recommendation for reviewing pandemic preparedness plans in EU/EEA.

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Title: Risk Habituation - Headington Institute

URL: https://www.headington-institute.org/resource/risk-habituation/

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This web page discusses risk habituation, which is a necessary aspect of our brain maintaining its survival focus. As the COVID-19 pandemic continues, we are beginning to see risk habituation develop. The only way to have an accurate assessment of our own risk is to be aware of risk habituation and to consciously evaluate the facts of our personal and family situation.

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Title: Rising Cases in Long-term Care Facilities Are Cause for Concern | KFF

URL: https://www.kff.org/coronavirus-covid-19/issue-brief/rising-cases-in-long-term-care-facilities-are-cause-for-concern/

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This report discusses recent trends in COVID-19 cases among residents and staff in long-term care facilities and how these relate to surges in "hotspot" states. Long-term care cases in hotspot states with wider community transmission have risen at four times the rate as long-term care cases in non-hotspot states.

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Title: Rights in a pandemic – Lockdowns, rights and lessons from HIV in the early response to COVID-19 | UNAIDS

URL: https://www.unaids.org/en/resources/documents/2020/rights-in-a-pandemic

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This 76-page report outlines 10 immediate areas for action for governments toward building effective, rights-based COVID-19 responses. These include taking proactive measures to ensure that people, particularly people in vulnerable groups, can access HIV treatment and prevention services; designating and supporting essential workers, including community-led organizations; and implementing measures to prevent and address gender-based violence.

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Title: Resetting Our Response: Changes Needed in the US Approach to COVID-19

URL: https://www.centerforhealthsecurity.org/our-work/publications/resetting-our-response-changes-needed-in-the-us-approach-to-covid-19

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This 15-page report describes 10 concrete policy actions at the federal, state, and local levels that are needed to get control of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. Recommendations identify "quarterbacks," or responsible designees, to lead each policy action.

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Title: Report of the WHO-China Joint Mission on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)

URL: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/who-china-joint-mission-on-covid-19-final-report.pdf

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This 40-page report summarizes the World Health Organization-China Joint Mission undertaken to rapidly inform national (China) and international planning on next steps in the response to the ongoing outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), and on next steps in readiness and preparedness for geographic areas not yet affected. The major findings are described in six sections: the virus, the outbreak, transmission dynamics, disease progression and severity, the China response, and knowledge gaps.

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Title: Report 8: Symptom progression of COVID-19

URL: https://www.imperial.ac.uk/media/imperial-college/medicine/sph/ide/gida-fellowships/Imperial-College-COVID19-symptom-progression-11-03-2020.pdf

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

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Title: Report 7: Estimating infection prevalence in Wuhan City from repatriation flights

URL: https://www.imperial.ac.uk/media/imperial-college/medicine/sph/ide/gida-fellowships/Imperial-College-COVID19-repatriation-09-03-2020.pdf

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

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Title: Report 6: Relative Sensitivity of International Surveillance

URL: https://www.imperial.ac.uk/media/imperial-college/medicine/sph/ide/gida-fellowships/Imperial-College-COVID19-international-surveillance-21-02-2020.pdf

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This six-page document is Report 6 of a series of reports from Imperial College London on COVID-19. It analyzed COVID-19 cases exported from mainland China to different regions and countries, comparing the country-specific rates of detected and confirmed cases per flight volume to estimate the relative sensitivity of surveillance in different countries.

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Title: Report 4: Severity of 2019-Novel Coronavirus (nCoV)

URL: https://www.imperial.ac.uk/media/imperial-college/medicine/sph/ide/gida-fellowships/Imperial-College-COVID19-severity-10-02-2020.pdf

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This 12-page document is Report 4 of a series of reports from Imperial College London on COVID-19. It presents case fatality ratio (CFR) estimates for three strata of COVID-19 (novel coronavirus) infections. It is important to note that the differences in these estimates do not reflect underlying differences in disease severity between countries. CFRs seen in individual countries will vary depending on the sensitivity of different surveillance systems to detect cases of differing levels of severity and the clinical care offered to severely ill cases.

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Title: Report 3: Transmissibility of 2019-nCoV

URL: https://www.imperial.ac.uk/media/imperial-college/medicine/mrc-gida/2020-01-25-COVID19-Report-3.pdf

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This five-page document is Report 3 of a series of reports from Imperial College London on COVID-19. It details how self-sustaining human-to-human transmission of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is the only plausible explanation of the scale of the outbreak in Wuhan, China. The analysis indicates that it is highly likely that the human-to-human transmissibility of COVID-19 is sufficient to support sustained human transmission unless effective control measures are implemented.

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Title: Report 34 - COVID-19 Infection Fatality Ratio Estimates from Seroprevalence | Faculty of Medicine | Imperial College London

URL: https://www.imperial.ac.uk/mrc-global-infectious-disease-analysis/covid-19/report-34-ifr/

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This 18-page report discusses infection fatality ratio (IFR), a key statistic for estimating the burden of COVID-19 that has been continuously debated throughout the current pandemic. Previous estimates have relied on data early in the epidemic, or have not fully accounted for uncertainty in serological test characteristics and delays from onset of infection to seroconversion, death, and antibody waning. After screening 175 studies, this study identified 10 representative antibody surveys to obtain updated estimates of the infection fatality rate using a modeling framework that addresses the limitations.

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Title: Report 32 - Age groups that sustain resurging COVID-19 epidemics in the United States | Faculty of Medicine | Imperial College London

URL: https://www.imperial.ac.uk/mrc-global-infectious-disease-analysis/covid-19/report-32-us/

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This 32-page report discusses how adults aged 20-49 are a main driver of the COVID-19 epidemic in the United States; yet, in areas with resurging epidemics, opening schools will lead to more COVID-19-attributable deaths, so more targeted interventions in the 20-49 age group could bring epidemics under control, avert deaths, and facilitate the safe reopening of schools.

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Title: Report 31 - Estimating under-ascertainment of COVID-19 mortality: an analysis of novel data sources to provide insight into COVID-19 dynamics in Damascus, Syria | Faculty of Medicine | Imperial College London

URL: https://www.imperial.ac.uk/mrc-global-infectious-disease-analysis/covid-19/report-31-syria/

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This 46-page report estimates the potential under-ascertainment of COVID-19 mortality in Damascus, Syria, where all-cause mortality data has been reported between July 25 and August 1, 2020. It fits a mathematical model of COVID-19 transmission to reported COVID-19 deaths in Damascus since the beginning of the pandemic and compares the model-predicted deaths to reported excess deaths.

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Title: Report 30 - The COVID-19 epidemic trends and control measures in mainland China | Faculty of Medicine | Imperial College London

URL: https://www.imperial.ac.uk/mrc-global-infectious-disease-analysis/covid-19/report-30-china/

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: To understand the epidemic trends of COVID-19 in China, this 16-page report summarizes a study that carried out data collation and descriptive analysis in 31 provinces and municipalities, with a focus on the six most affected.

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Title: Report 2: Estimating the potential total number of novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) cases in Wuhan City, China

URL: https://www.imperial.ac.uk/media/imperial-college/medicine/sph/ide/gida-fellowships/Imperial-College-COVID19-update-epidemic-size-22-01-2020.pdf

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This six-page document is Report 2 of a series of reports from Imperial College London on COVID-19, and updates Report 1. Since then, cumulative confirmed cases reported by the Chinese authorities have increased 10-fold. The analysis suggests that the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak has caused substantially more cases of moderate or severe respiratory illness in Wuhan than have currently been detected.

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Title: Report 28 - Excess non-COVID-19 deaths in England and Wales between 29th February and 5th June 2020 | Faculty of Medicine | Imperial College London

URL: https://www.imperial.ac.uk/mrc-global-infectious-disease-analysis/covid-19/report-28-excess-deaths/

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This 29-page report details the 189,403 deaths from any cause reported in England from February 29 to June 5, 2020; 11,278 all-cause deaths in Wales over the same period; and the uncertainty in how many of the non-COVID-19 deaths were directly or indirectly caused by the pandemic. Excess non-COVID-19 deaths could be due to non-reporting of COVID-19 on the death certificate or an increase in mortality for non-COVID-19 conditions.

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Title: Report 27 - Adapting hospital capacity to meet changing demands during the COVID-19 pandemic | Faculty of Medicine | Imperial College London

URL: https://www.imperial.ac.uk/mrc-global-infectious-disease-analysis/covid-19/report-27-hospital-capacity/

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This 26-page report aims to calculate hospital capacity for emergency treatment of COVID-19 and other patients during the pandemic surge in April and May 2020; evaluate the increase in capacity achieved via interventions (cancellation of elective surgery, field hospitals, use of private hospitals, and deployment of former and newly qualified medical staff); and determine how to re-introduce elective surgery considering continued demand from COVID-19 patients.

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Title: Report 26 - Reduction in mobility and COVID-19 transmission | Faculty of Medicine | Imperial College London

URL: https://www.imperial.ac.uk/mrc-global-infectious-disease-analysis/covid-19/report-26-mobility-transmission/

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This 94-page report characterizes the relationship between COVID-19 transmission and different mobility data streams for 53 countries around the world. Overall, strong population-wide social distancing measures are effective to control COVID-19; however, gradual easing of restrictions must be accompanied by alternative interventions, such as efficient contact tracing, to ensure control.

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Title: Report 25 - Response to COVID-19 in South Korea and implications for lifting stringent interventions | Faculty of Medicine | Imperial College London

URL: https://www.imperial.ac.uk/mrc-global-infectious-disease-analysis/covid-19/report-25-south-korea/

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This 16-page report discusses how South Korea experienced a sharp growth in COVID-19 cases early in the global pandemic, but it has since rapidly reduced rates of infection and now maintains low numbers of daily new cases.

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Title: Report 24 - Anonymised & aggregated crowd level mobility data from mobile phones suggests initial compliance with COVID19 social distancing interventions was high & geographically consistent across UK | Faculty of Medicine | Imperial College London

URL: https://www.imperial.ac.uk/mrc-global-infectious-disease-analysis/covid-19/report-24-uk-mobility/

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This 19-page report summarizes a study that used two mobile phone-based datasets to assess changes in average mobility, both overall and broken down into high and low population density areas, and changes in the distribution of journey lengths during the COVID-19 lockdown. The reduction in mobility was highly synchronized across the United Kingdom.

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Title: Report 23: State-level tracking of COVID-19 in the United States

URL: https://www.imperial.ac.uk/media/imperial-college/medicine/mrc-gida/2020-05-28-COVID19-Report-23-version2.pdf

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

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Title: Report 23 - State-level tracking of COVID-19 in the United States | Faculty of Medicine | Imperial College London

URL: https://www.imperial.ac.uk/mrc-global-infectious-disease-analysis/covid-19/report-23-united-states/

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: A report from the MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis at the Imperial College London titled, "Report 23 - State-level tracking of COVID-19 in the United States". Published 21 May 2020. The report uses publicly available data to map the virus epidemics for each state.

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Title: Report 22 - Equity in response to the COVID-19 pandemic: an assessment of the direct and indirect impacts on disadvantaged and vulnerable populations in low- and lower middle-income countries | Faculty of Medicine | Imperial College London

URL: https://www.imperial.ac.uk/mrc-global-infectious-disease-analysis/covid-19/report-22-equity/

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This 21-page report draws on data from nationally representative population surveys to explore a subset of health inequities, how they relate to wealth, and the way in which they may drive variation in COVID-19 risk.

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Title: Report 21 - Estimating COVID-19 cases and reproduction number in Brazil | Faculty of Medicine | Imperial College London

URL: https://www.imperial.ac.uk/mrc-global-infectious-disease-analysis/covid-19/report-21-brazil/

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: Brazil is an epicenter for COVID-19 in Latin America. This 24-page report describes the Brazilian epidemic using three epidemiological measures: the number of infections, the number of deaths, and the reproduction number.

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Title: Report 20 - Using mobility to estimate the transmission intensity of COVID-19 in Italy: A subnational analysis with future scenarios | Faculty of Medicine | Imperial College London

URL: https://www.imperial.ac.uk/mrc-global-infectious-disease-analysis/covid-19/report-20-italy/

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This 35-page report summarizes analysis that modeled the effect of non-pharmaceutical interventions on COVID-19 transmission using data on average mobility in Italy. It estimates that the average reproduction number (a measure of transmission intensity) is currently below one for all Italian regions, and significantly so for the majority of the regions.

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Title: Report 1: Estimating the Potential Total Number of Novel Coronavirus Cases in Wuhan City, China

URL: https://www.imperial.ac.uk/media/imperial-college/medicine/sph/ide/gida-fellowships/Imperial-College-COVID19-epidemic-size-17-01-2020.pdf

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This four-page document is Report 1 of a series of reports from Imperial College London on COVID-19. It estimates the potential number of COVID-19 cases in Wuhan City, China, as of January 17, 2020, and concludes that it is likely that the Wuhan outbreak of the novel coronavirus has caused substantially more cases of moderate or severe respiratory illness than currently reported.

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Title: Report 19 - The Potential Impact of the COVID-19 Epidemic on HIV, TB and Malaria in Low- and Middle-Income Countries | Faculty of Medicine | Imperial College London

URL: https://www.imperial.ac.uk/mrc-global-infectious-disease-analysis/covid-19/report-19-hiv-tb-malaria/

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This 29-page report aims to quantify the extent to which disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in services for HIV, TB, and malaria in high burden low- and middle-income countries could lead to additional loss of life. In high burden settings, HIV, TB, and malaria related deaths over five years may be increased by up to 10 percent, 20 percent, and 36 percent, respectively, compared to if there were no COVID-19 epidemic.

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Title: Report 18 - The potential public health impact of COVID-19 on malaria in Africa | Faculty of Medicine | Imperial College London

URL: https://www.imperial.ac.uk/mrc-global-infectious-disease-analysis/covid-19/report-18-malaria/

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: The COVID-19 pandemic is likely to have wide-reaching implications for malaria and its control. This nine-page report attempts to quantify the direct impact that the spread of COVID-19 will have on Plasmodium falciparum malaria morbidity and mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa using mathematical models of COVID-19 and malaria.

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Title: Report 17 - Clinical characteristics and predictors of outcomes of hospitalised patients with COVID-19 in a London NHS Trust: a retrospective cohort study | Faculty of Medicine | Imperial College London

URL: https://www.imperial.ac.uk/mrc-global-infectious-disease-analysis/covid-19/report-17-clinical/

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This 29-page report describes the characteristics and outcomes of patients hospitalized for COVID-19 in three large London hospitals with a multi-ethnic catchment population.

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Title: Report 16 - Role of testing in COVID-19 control | Faculty of Medicine | Imperial College London

URL: https://www.imperial.ac.uk/mrc-global-infectious-disease-analysis/covid-19/report-16-testing/

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This 13-page study used a simple mathematical model to investigate the potential effectiveness of alternative testing strategies for COVID-19 control. Widespread PCR testing in the general population is unlikely to limit transmission more than contact tracing and quarantine based on symptoms alone, but could allow earlier release of contacts from quarantine.

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Title: Report 15 - Strengthening hospital capacity for the COVID-19 pandemic | Faculty of Medicine | Imperial College London

URL: https://www.imperial.ac.uk/mrc-global-infectious-disease-analysis/covid-19/report-15-hospital-capacity/

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This 40-page report presents the J-IDEA pandemic planner, a hospital planning tool to calculate how much capacity in terms of beds, staff, and ventilators is obtained by implementing healthcare provision interventions affecting the management of patient care in hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic. It shows how to assess baseline capacity, and then calculate how much capacity is gained by various healthcare interventions using impact estimates that are generated as part of this study.

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Title: Report 14 - Online Community Involvement in COVID-19 Research & Outbreak Response Early Insights from a UK Perspective | Faculty of Medicine | Imperial College London

URL: https://www.imperial.ac.uk/mrc-global-infectious-disease-analysis/covid-19/report-14-online-community-involvement/

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: The Patient Experience Research Centre (PERC) at Imperial College London is developing research to explore and understand people's views about, experiences of, and behavioral response to the COVID-19 outbreak in the United Kingdom and elsewhere. To guide that effort and to help inform COVID-19 research and responses more broadly, PERC launched an online community involvement initiative detailed in this 31-page report that sought rapid, early insight from members of the public and aimed to establish a network for ongoing community engagement.

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Title: Report 13: Estimating the number of infections and the impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions on COVID-19 in 11 European countries

URL: https://www.imperial.ac.uk/media/imperial-college/medicine/sph/ide/gida-fellowships/Imperial-College-COVID19-Europe-estimates-and-NPI-impact-30-03-2020.pdf

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This 35-page report uses a semi-mechanistic Bayesian hierarchical model to attempt to infer the impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions on COVID-19 across 11 European countries. It details why it is critical that the current interventions remain in place, and trends in cases and deaths are closely monitored in the coming days and weeks to provide reassurance that transmission of SARS-Cov-2 is slowing.

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Title: Remote Work and the Heterogeneous Impact of COVID-19 on Employment and Health – COVID-19 and the Labor Market

URL: https://covid-19.iza.org/publications/dp13620/

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This 35-page paper examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on employment and respiratory health for remote workers (i.e., those who can work from home) and non-remote workers in the United States.

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Title: Recommendations for a Metropolitan COVID-19 Response | Johns Hopkins | Bloomberg School of Public Health

URL: https://www.jhsph.edu/covid-19/articles/covid-19-recommendations-for-a-metropolitan-response.html

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This 10-page document provides seven recommendations for the response to the COVID-19 pandemic in a metropolitan area. This strategy aims to slow transmission of the novel coronavirus and interrupt its spread. In metropolitan areas where cases are increasing, this strategy should delay and reduce the peak number of cases. In metropolitan areas where case numbers may be stable or declining, this strategy should accelerate the decline, creating more opportunities for decisions to relax social distancing policies.

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Title: Rapid risk assessment: Outbreak of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): increased transmission globally – fifth update

URL: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/rapid-risk-assessment-outbreak-novel-coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19-increased

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

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Title: Rapid risk assessment: Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: increased transmission in the EU/EEA and the UK – sixth update

URL: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/rapid-risk-assessment-novel-coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19-pandemic-increased

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

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Title: Rapid risk assessment: Increased transmission of COVID-19 in the EU/EEA and the UK – twelfth update

URL: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/covid-19-risk-assessment-increased-transmission-twelfth-update

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This 27-page update analyzes the risk posed to the general population, vulnerable individuals, and healthcare provision by the current increase in COVID-19 case notification rates observed in the European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) and the United Kingdom (UK).

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Title: Rapid risk assessment: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: increased transmission in the EU/EEA and the UK – seventh update

URL: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/rapid-risk-assessment-coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19-pandemic

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This 31-page report details how COVID-19 is rapidly spreading in Europe, and the current assessment is that the risk of severe disease associated with COVID-19 for people in the European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) and the United Kingdom (UK) is currently considered moderate for the general population and very high for older adults and individuals with chronic underlying conditions. The risk of healthcare system capacity being exceeded in the EU/EEA and the UK in the coming weeks is considered high.

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Title: Rapid risk assessment: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: increased transmission in the EU/EEA and the UK – eighth update

URL: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/rapid-risk-assessment-coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19-pandemic-eighth-update

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This 39-page report details how in a few European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) countries, the number of new COVID-19 cases and new deaths reported daily appears to have decreased slightly. However, many EU/EEA countries are currently testing only severe or hospitalized cases; therefore, these trends should be interpreted with caution. Despite early evidence from Italy and Austria that the numbers of cases and deaths are declining, there is currently no indication at the EU/EEA level that the peak of the epidemic has been reached.

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