Title: WHO-convened global study of origins of SARS-CoV-2: China Part

URL: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/who-convened-global-study-of-origins-of-sars-cov-2-china-part

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

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Title: Final Statement on the 8th meeting of the International Health Regulations (2005)

URL: https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/26-06-2020-final-statement-on-the-8th-meeting-of-the-international-health-regulations/

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

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Title: Statement on the meeting of the International Health Regulations (2005) Emergency Committee for Ebola virusdisease in the Democratic Republic of the Congo on 17 July 2019

URL: https://www.who.int/ihr/procedures/statement-emergency-committee-ebola-drc-july-2019.pdf

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: Six-page PDF report on the July 17, 2019 meeting of the International Health Regulations (2005) Emergency Committee for Ebola virus disease in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The report includes meeting proceedings, context and discussion, and conclusions and advice.

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Title: Report of the WHO-China Joint Mission on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)

URL: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/who-china-joint-mission-on-covid-19-final-report.pdf

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This 40-page report summarizes the World Health Organization-China Joint Mission undertaken to rapidly inform national (China) and international planning on next steps in the response to the ongoing outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), and on next steps in readiness and preparedness for geographic areas not yet affected. The major findings are described in six sections: the virus, the outbreak, transmission dynamics, disease progression and severity, the China response, and knowledge gaps.

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Title: Tracking COVID-19 in Immigration Detention | Vera Institute

URL: https://www.vera.org/tracking-covid-19-in-immigration-detention

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

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Title: Interim Guidance for COVID-19 Prevention and Control in Schools

URL: https://www.unicef.org/reports/key-messages-and-actions-coronavirus-disease-covid-19-prevention-and-control-schools

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

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Title: Does COVID-19 Affect the Health of Children and Young People More Than We Thought? The case for disaggregated data to inform action

URL: https://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/1108-does-covid-19-affect-the-health-of-children-and-young-people-more-than-we-thought.html

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This eight-page report details how, contrary to the current narrative, the risks of COVID-19 disease in children and young people depend largely on where individuals live and how vulnerable they are to disease and ill health. The newly emerging multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) further underscores the need for better reporting, monitoring, and analysis to understand the COVID-19 disease health risks for children and young people.

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Title: The Evolving Epidemiologic and Clinical Picture of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Disease in Children and Young People

URL: https://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/1107-the-evolving-epidemiologic-and-clinical-picture-of-sars-cov-2-and-covid-19-disease.html

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This 44-page paper reviews the epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and adolescents six months after the COVID-19 pandemic started, susceptibility and transmissibility of infection in children and adolescents, potential for mother-to-child transmission during pregnancy, and clinical manifestations of disease (morbidity and mortality) in children and adolescents, including in relation to pre-existing comorbidities and vulnerabilities.

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Title: Impacts of Pandemics and Epidemics on Child Protection: Lessons learned from a rapid review in the context of COVID-19

URL: https://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/1104-working-paper-impacts-of-pandemics-and-epidemics-on-child-protection-lessons-learned.html

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This 74-page report is a rapid review that collated and synthesized evidence on the child protection impacts of COVID-19 and previous pandemics and epidemics. The research questions of the rapid review included: What are the effects of pandemics and epidemics on child protection outcomes?, and What are the effects of pandemic and epidemic infection control measures on child protection outcomes?

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Title: Digital Contact Tracing and Surveillance During COVID-19. General and child-specific ethical issues

URL: https://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/1096-digital-contact-tracing-surveillance-covid-19-response-child-specific-issues-iwp.html

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: The response to the COVID-19 pandemic has seen an unprecedented rapid scaling up of technologies to support digital contact tracing and surveillance. This 26-page working paper explores the implications for privacy as the linking of datasets increases the likelihood that children will be identifiable; increases the opportunity for (sensitive) data profiling; and frequently involves making data available to a broader set of users or data managers.

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Title: A Rapid Review of Economic Policy and Social Protection Responses to Health and Economic Crises and Their Effects on Children: Lessons for the COVID-19 pandemic response

URL: https://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/1095-rapid-review-economic-policy-social-protection-responses-to-health-and-economic-crises.html

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This 54-page rapid review seeks to inform the initial and long-term public policy responses to the COVID-19 pandemic, by assessing evidence on past economic policy and social protection responses to health and economic crises and their effects on children and families. It focuses on virus outbreaks/emergencies, economic crises, and natural disasters, which, like the COVID-19 pandemic, were rapid in onset, had wide-ranging geographical reach, and resulted in disruption of social services and economic sectors, without affecting governance systems.

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Title: Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Family Planning and Ending Gender-based Violence, Female Genital Mutilation and Child Marriage

URL: https://www.unfpa.org/resources/impact-covid-19-pandemic-family-planning-and-ending-gender-based-violence-female-genital

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: The United Nations Population Fund aims to achieve three world-changing results by 2030: Ending unmet need for family planning, ending gender-based violence including harmful practices such as female genital mutilation and child marriage, and ending all preventable maternal deaths. This seven-page analysis shows how the COVID-19 pandemic could critically undermine progress made toward achieving these goals.

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Title: Northern Mariana Islands COVID Country Profile 230321

URL: https://www.unescap.org/sites/default/d8files/2021-03/Northern%20Mariana%20Islands_COVID%20Country%20profile%20230321.pdf

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

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Title: Rights in a pandemic – Lockdowns, rights and lessons from HIV in the early response to COVID-19 | UNAIDS

URL: https://www.unaids.org/en/resources/documents/2020/rights-in-a-pandemic

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This 76-page report outlines 10 immediate areas for action for governments toward building effective, rights-based COVID-19 responses. These include taking proactive measures to ensure that people, particularly people in vulnerable groups, can access HIV treatment and prevention services; designating and supporting essential workers, including community-led organizations; and implementing measures to prevent and address gender-based violence.

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Title: Building Emergency Planning Scenarios for Viral Pandemics UCL-IRDR Covid-19 Observatory

URL: https://www.ucl.ac.uk/risk-disaster-reduction/sites/risk-disaster-reduction/files/building_emergency_planning_scenarios_for_pandemics.pdf

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: The purpose of this 41-page report is to provide a systematic, if incomplete, record of the issues connected with the COVID-19 pandemic in order to improve the basis for future emergency planning. Like all large disasters, COVID-19 involves cascading consequences. These need to be factored into future emergency planning scenarios.

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Title: THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES (Wave 1)

URL: https://www.theiacp.org/sites/default/files/IACP-GMU%20Survey.pdf

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This four-page joint report between the International Association of Chiefs of Police and the Center for Evidence-Based Crime Policy, George Mason University, summarizes a multi-wave panel survey to document the impacts of COVID-19 on law enforcement agencies in the United States and Canada. The report reflects preliminary results from the first panel of data collection, implemented between March 25 and April 3, 2020.

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Title: Dying, Bereavement and Mortuary and Funerary Practices in the Context of COVID-19

URL: https://www.socialscienceinaction.org/resources/key-considerations-dying-bereavement-mortuary-funerary-practices-context-covid-19/

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This eight-page brief sets out key considerations for events related to death, burial, funerals (rites, ceremonies, and practices), and mourning in the context of the global outbreak of the COVID-19. Further participatory inquiry should be undertaken, but given ongoing transmission, conveying key considerations for adapted end-of-life, mortuary, burial, and funeral practices and related community engagement have been prioritized.

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Title: Risks Related to Population Movement and Gatherings During Ramadan

URL: https://www.socialscienceinaction.org/resources/covid-19-risks-related-population-movement-gatherings-ramadan/

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This three-page note sets out key considerations in relation to COVID-19 during the holy month of Ramadan on the continent of Africa. It provides evidence to support design of protective public health policies, alternative practices, and reduction of risk. Anthrologica was commissioned to produce this brief.

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Title: Considerations and Principles for Shielding People at High Risk of Severe Outcomes from COVID-19

URL: https://www.socialscienceinaction.org/resources/considerations-principles-shielding-people-high-risk-severe-outcomes-covid-19/

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This eight-page brief considers the rationale for shielding individuals at high risk of severe disease or death from COVID-19 in low- and middle-income countries. It provides an overview of proposed approaches to shielding, discusses the categories of individuals who may be identified for shielding, and outlines the likely difficulties of these measures and ways to mitigate them.

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Title: Compliance with Physical Distancing Measures for COVID-19 and Implications for RCCE in Eastern and Southern Africa

URL: https://www.socialscienceinaction.org/resources/compliance-physical-distancing-measures-covid-19-implications-rcce-eastern-southern-africa-april-2020/

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This 10-page brief reports on attitudes and practices relating to physical distancing measures in Eastern and Southern Africa in the context of the current global COVID-19 outbreak. Where relevant, it also includes insight and learning from the Ebola outbreaks in West Africa and the Democratic Republic of Congo.

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Title: Hospital Readiness for COVID-19: Analysis of Bed Capacity and How it Varies Across the Country - RWJF

URL: https://www.rwjf.org/en/library/research/2020/03/hospital-readiness-for-covid19-analysis-of-bed-capacity-and-how-it-varies-across-the-country.html

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: Findings from this seven-page brief, along with the interactive county-level map, can assist policymakers and local officials in identifying regions and hospitals with the greatest capacity constraints when treating COVID-19 (coronavirus) patients. This will help federal, state, and local policymakers considering ways to generate surge capacity in identifying areas with the greatest need for additional inpatient beds.

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Title: The Impact of Coronavirus on Households Across America

URL: https://www.rwjf.org/en/insights/our-research/2020/09/the-impact-of-coronavirus-on-households-across-america.html

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This series of five polls conducted by NPR, the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, finds that a substantial share of U.S. households have not been protected from serious impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic across many areas of residents' lives.

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Title: Occupancy Rates in Rural and Urban Hospitals: Value and Limitations in Use as a Measure of Surge Capacity

URL: https://www.ruralhealthresearch.org/alerts/334

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: The purpose of this seven-page brief is to describe variations in hospital occupancy rates nationally and by state, provide additional data for state and local officials, and highlight challenges in identifying surge capacity. The onset of COVID-19 in the United States has caused concern among healthcare leaders and policymakers about the surge capacity of hospitals to accommodate a potential influx of patients.

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Title: Tackling Covid-19 Pandemic through Integrating Digital Technology and Public Health - The Rockefeller Foundation

URL: https://www.rockefellerfoundation.org/report/tackling-covid-19-pandemic-through-integrating-digital-technology-and-public-health/

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: Through a combination of desktop research and key informant interviews used in this study, this 142-page report documents and analyses the impact and implications of the actions of the Chinese government and digital technology solutions during the COVID-19 pandemic. It offers an in-depth understanding of the actions and strategies implemented by the government, the roles digital technology played, the technologies used, and the impact made across six outbreak response categories.

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Title: A National Decision Point: Effective Testing and Screening for Covid-19 - The Rockefeller Foundation

URL: https://www.rockefellerfoundation.org/report/a-national-decision-point-effective-testing-and-screening-for-covid-19/

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This 30-page report describes how to offer sufficient COVID-19 tests paired with sophisticated strategies for their effective use, in ways that can be tailored to local circumstances and risk tolerances. The goal is to give schools, businesses, and other critical institutions a pathway toward operating safely even for higher-risk populations and with continuing community spread.

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Title: Covid-19 National Testing & Tracing Action Plan - The Rockefeller Foundation

URL: https://www.rockefellerfoundation.org/national-covid-19-testing-and-tracing-action-plan/?doing_wp_cron=1595001935.4668600559234619140625

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This report, National COVID-19 Testing Action Plan: Pragmatic Steps to Reopen Our Workplaces and Our Communities, was updated on July 15, 2020. The 51 page updated report lays out the precise steps necessary to enact robust testing, tracing, and coordination to more safely reopen our economy - starting with a dramatic expansion of testing from one million tests per week to initially three million per week and then 30 million per week, backed by an Emergency Network for COVID-19 Testing to coordinate and underwrite the testing market, a public-private testing technology accelerator, and a national initiative to rapidly expand and optimize the use of U.S., university, and local lab capacity.

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Title: Autopsy Practice Relating to Possible Cases of COVID-19 (2019-nCov, Novel Coronavirus from China 2019/2020)

URL: https://www.rcpath.org/uploads/assets/d5e28baf-5789-4b0f-acecfe370eee6223/447e37d0-29dd-4994-a11fe27b93de0905/Briefing-on-COVID-19-autopsy-Feb-2020.pdf

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This 14-page guidance was produced to aid mortuary staff and pathologists in deciding if a post-mortem examination is appropriate on a possible COVID-19 death, and to advise them on the possible risks associated with such a case and how to reduce these risks. It also covers diagnosis of COVID-19 at post-mortem examination.

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Title: COVID-19 and the cost of vaccine nationalism | RAND

URL: https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RRA769-1.html

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This 75-page report examines how the management of the COVID-19 crisis may be affected by vaccine nationalism and what the associated economic cost would be of inequitable access to vaccines across countries.

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Title: COVID-19 and the Experiences of Populations at Greater Risk: Description and Top-Line Summary Data — Wave 1, Summer 2020 | RAND

URL: https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RRA764-1.html

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This 63-page report presents the results of the first of four waves of COVID-19 and the Experiences of Populations at Greater Risk Survey, fielded during summer 2020, with particular focus on populations deemed at risk or underserved, including people of color and those from low- to moderate-income backgrounds.

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Title: Exploring the Impact of COVID-19 on Social Services for Vulnerable Populations in Los Angeles: Lessons Learned from Community Providers | RAND

URL: https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RRA431-1.html

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: The authors of this 30-page report conducted semi-structured interviews with representatives from social services organizations in Los Angeles County to assess how these service providers are responding to COVID-19. The interviews also uncovered lessons learned and innovative strategies for dealing with the pandemic that could be more broadly disseminated. The authors recount these interviews and lessons learned, and provide recommendations for social services organizations.

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Title: Data Privacy During Pandemics: A Scorecard Approach for Evaluating the Privacy Implications of COVID-19 Mobile Phone Surveillance Programs | RAND

URL: https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RRA365-1.html

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This 164-page report evaluates the short- and long-term privacy harms associated with the use of mobile phone surveillance programs during the COVID-19 pandemic, including political, economic, and social harms. The authors consider whether two potentially competing goals can be achieved concurrently: the use of mobile phones as public health surveillance tools to help manage COVID-19 and future public health crises, and the protection of privacy and civil liberties.

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Title: A Framework for Assessing Models of the COVID-19 Pandemic to Inform Policymaking in Virginia | RAND

URL: https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RRA323-1.html

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This 42-page report examines assessment criteria for early-stage and late-stage models, taking into account the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on behavior, policy, health outcomes, and the economy. The authors of this report reviewed available models and the relevant literature to produce a framework for assessing a model's suitability for policymakers in the Commonwealth of Virginia.

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Title: COVID-19 Air Traffic Visualization: African Anchor States Face Higher Risk of Importing COVID-19 Cases | RAND

URL: https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RRA248-7.html

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This report uses the COVID-19 Air Traffic Visualization (CAT-V) tool to quantify the potential vectors of COVID-19 transmission to countries in the U.S. Africa Command (AFRICOM) area of responsibility (AOR), which encompasses every country in Africa except Egypt.

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Title: COVID-19 Air Traffic Visualization: Worldwide Spread of COVID-19 Accelerated Starting on February 19, 2020 | RAND

URL: https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RRA248-6.html

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This report uses the COVID-19 Air Traffic Visualization (CAT-V) tool to estimate when COVID-19 transmission via commercial air travel began to rapidly accelerate throughout the world. It estimates the global spread of COVID-19 by international air passengers prior to the March 11, 2020, declaration by the World Health Organization (WHO) that the world was officially experiencing a pandemic.

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Title: COVID-19 Air Traffic Visualization: Air Passenger Transmission Risk to GCC Countries Originated from Outside the Region | RAND

URL: https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RRA248-5.html

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This report uses the COVID-19 Air Traffic Visualization (CAT-V) tool to quantify the potential COVID-19 transmission vectors to the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and other Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. The analysis in this report is based on infection rates in other nations and the travel levels from those nations to the GCC countries between late January and late February 2020.

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Title: COVID-19 Air Traffic Visualization: COVID-19 Cases in China Were Likely 37 Times Higher Than Reported in January 2020 | RAND

URL: https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RRA248-3.html

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This report uses the COVID-19 Air Traffic Visualization (CAT-V) tool to estimate the likely number of COVID-19 infections in China in early 2020. It presents strong evidence that China's reported COVID-19 caseload was undercounted by a factor of nearly 40.

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Title: COVID-19 Air Traffic Visualization: By January 31, 2020, at Least 1.5 Daily Infected Passengers Were Originating in China | RAND

URL: https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RRA248-2.html

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: Using the COVID-19 Air Traffic Visualization (CAT-V) tool, this report estimates the daily rate of COVID-19 virus transmission via air travel from China. By January 31, 2020, passengers from China were likely exporting at least 1.5 cases of COVID-19 globally per day.

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Title: COVID-19 Air Traffic Visualization: A New Tool Helps Analyze Commercial Air Travel Involving Infected Passengers | RAND

URL: https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RRA248-1.html

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This report quantifies potential vectors of virus transmission to the United States as a result of commercial air travel. Understanding the COVID-19 propagation patterns, regionally and globally, will help policymakers mitigate the resulting threats to public health. The COVID-19 Air Traffic Visualization (CAT-V) tool combines case data from Johns Hopkins University with detailed air travel data from the International Air Transport Association.

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Title: Critical Care Surge Response Strategies for the 2020 COVID-19 Outbreak in the United States | RAND

URL: https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RRA164-1.html

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: In this 49-page report, the authors present a list of strategies for creating critical care surge capacity during the COVID-19 pandemic, and estimate the number of patients accommodated, given the number of available critical care doctors and nurses, respiratory therapists, ventilators, and hospital beds. They also document the development of a user-friendly, Microsoft Excel-based tool that allows decision-makers at all levels - hospitals, health care systems, states, regions - to estimate current critical care capacity and rapidly explore strategies for increasing it.

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Title: Experiences of Community Health Centers in Expanding Telemedicine | RAND

URL: https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RRA100-1.html

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: Safety-net medical providers can substantially increase their telemedicine services with modest investments in new staff and technology, a move that can help them expand patients' access to specialized medical care, according to this 60-page study. The findings in the report are relevant to health centers that are trying to rapidly expand telemedicine in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Title: Strengthening Privacy Protections in COVID-19 Mobile Phone–Enhanced Surveillance Programs | RAND

URL: https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RBA365-1.html

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: As U.S. public health agencies consider COVID-19-related mobile surveillance programs, they will need to address privacy concerns to encourage broad uptake and protect against privacy harms. This eight-page report discusses how otherwise, COVID-19 mobile surveillance programs likely will be ineffective and the data collected unrepresentative of the situation on the ground.

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Title: Critical Care Surge Capacity in U.S. Hospitals: Strategies for Responding to the COVID-19 Pandemic | RAND

URL: https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RBA164-1.html

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This four-page document provides a list of strategies to help U.S. hospitals create critical care surge capacity during the COVID-19 pandemic. The list was created using a review of scientific literature about past outbreaks and the current COVID-19 pandemic, a survey of frontline clinicians conducted in collaboration with the American College of Emergency Physicians, and two roundtables conducted via teleconference with leading emergency and critical care physicians and public health and preparedness experts from around the country.

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Title: A Framework for Evaluating Approaches to Symptom Screening in the Workplace During the COVID-19 Pandemic | RAND

URL: https://www.rand.org/pubs/perspectives/PEA653-1.html

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: The authors of this 20-page report assess five approaches to screening for symptoms of COVID-19 at the workplace: no screening, verbal screening, screening using a paper form or app, verbal screening plus a temperature check at the workplace, and screening using a paper form or app plus a temperature check at the workplace. They rate each approach on five criteria: likelihood of detecting infection, helping employees feel safer, safety of the screening interaction, feasibility, and privacy.

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Title: Pharmaceutical Innovation for Infectious Disease Management: From Troubleshooting to Sustainable Models of Engagement | RAND

URL: https://www.rand.org/pubs/perspectives/PEA407-1.html

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This 15-page report discusses the need for more sustainable and scalable ways of incentivising pharmaceutical industry innovation in response to infectious disease threats to public health. The authors consider incentives for innovation both in the current context of the COVID-19 crisis, and in the context of preventing other emerging or re-emerging infectious disease threats from becoming crises further down the line.

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Title: Mass Incarceration, COVID-19, and Community Spread | Prison Policy Initiative

URL: https://www.prisonpolicy.org/reports/covidspread.html

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

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Title: Understanding the systemic nature of risk in the midst of COVID-19 | PreventionWeb

URL: https://www.preventionweb.net/news/why-does-understanding-systemic-nature-risk-matter-midst-covid-19

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This article explores the systemic nature of risk made visible by the COVID-19 global pandemic, what needs to change, and how we can make the paradigm shift from managing disasters to managing risks. It discusses how the COVID-19 global pandemic is a complex manifestation of systemic risk, and includes elements of surprise and non-linearity.

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Title: Coronavirus Pandemic - Transcript | FRONTLINE

URL: https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/film/coronavirus-pandemic/transcript/

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: Transcript for a 54 minute film titled, "Coronavirus Pandemic." The film was published 21 April 2020. The video segment is hosted by Miles O'Brien who traveled to Seattle in March 2020 to cover the pandemic.

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Title: Coronavirus and the social impacts on Great Britain - Office for National Statistics

URL: https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/healthandsocialcare/healthandwellbeing/bulletins/coronavirusandthesocialimpactsongreatbritain/7january2022

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

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Title: From pandemics to poverty: hotspots of vulnerability in times of crisis | ODI: Think change

URL: https://www.odi.org/publications/16831-pandemics-poverty-hotspots-vulnerability-times-crisis

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: As governments rush to respond to COVID-19, there is an urgent need to ensure that the measures they take are sensitive to the needs of their poorest and most vulnerable people. This 17-page brief outlines countries, sub-national areas, and populations in or near poverty that need to be explicitly prioritized in the response to the coronavirus.

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Title: Capacity for COVID-19 Testing -- Current Status and Considerations

URL: https://www.nga.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Testing-Memo-Update-5-13-20.pdf

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This 17-page memo provides information regarding COVID-19 testing and test capacity, and strategies governors may consider as they work to increase that capacity in their states for both short-term and long-term needs.

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Title: State-Level COVID-19 Liability Protections - Network for Public Health Law

URL: https://www.networkforphl.org/resources/state-level-covid-19-liability-protections-2/

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: State public health and other emergency declarations issued in response to COVID-19 vary in breadth and scope, but do not typically explicitly address liability protections for healthcare workers. As noted in this three-page overview, select states have issued supplementary executive orders to provide immunity.

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Title: Emergency Legal Preparedness: COVID-19 - Network for Public Health Law

URL: https://www.networkforphl.org/resources/emergency-legal-preparedness-covid19/

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This primer, updated on August 14, 2020, provides key information on the public health emergency response to the COVID-19. It includes information about a COVID-19 Epi Snapshot; International legal response efforts; and U.S. legal preparedness/response (including emergency declarations).

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Title: Face Masks, Public Policies and Slowing the Spread of COVID-19: Evidence from Canada | NBER

URL: https://www.nber.org/papers/w27891

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This 68-page report estimates the impact of mask mandates and other non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI) on COVID-19 case growth in Canada, including regulations on businesses and gatherings, school closures, travel and self-isolation, and long-term care homes. Counterfactual policy simulations suggest that mandating indoor masks nationwide in early July could have reduced the weekly number of new cases in Canada by 25 to 40 percent in mid-August, which translates into 700 to 1,100 fewer cases per week.

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Title: Estimating the COVID-19 Infection Rate: Anatomy of an Inference Problem | NBER

URL: https://www.nber.org/papers/w27023

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: Understanding the time path of the COVID-19 pandemic has been hampered by the absence of bounds on infection rates that are credible and informative. This 26-page paper explains the logical problem of bounding these rates and reports illustrative findings, using data from Illinois, New York, and Italy. It combines the data with assumptions on the infection rate in the untested population and on the accuracy of the tests that appear credible in the current context.

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Title: The Subways Seeded the Massive Coronavirus Epidemic in New York City | NBER

URL: https://www.nber.org/papers/w27021

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This 21-page study tests the hypothesis that New York City's multi-tentacled subway system was a major disseminator - if not the principal transmission vehicle - of coronavirus infection during the initial takeoff of the massive COVID-19 epidemic that became evident throughout the city during March 2020.

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Title: Did California’s Shelter-in-Place Order Work? Early Coronavirus-Related Public Health Effects | NBER

URL: https://www.nber.org/papers/w26992

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: Using daily state-level coronavirus data and a synthetic control research design, this 80-page report found that California's statewide shelter-in-place order reduced COVID-19 cases by 144,793 to 232,828 and COVID-19 deaths by 1,836 to 4,969 during the first three weeks following its enactment.

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Title: Encouraging Participation and Cooperation in Contact Tracing: Lessons from Survey Research |The National Academies Press

URL: https://www.nap.edu/catalog/25916/encouraging-participation-and-cooperation-in-contact-tracing-lessons-from-survey

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This 11-page report is intended to help decision-makers in local public health departments and local governments increase participation and cooperation in contact tracing related to COVID-19. It focuses on contact tracing methods that involve phone, text, or email interviews with people who have tested positive and with others they may have exposed to the virus.

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Title: Rapid Expert Consultation on SARS-CoV-2 Laboratory Testing for the COVID-19 Pandemic (April 8, 2020) |The National Academies Press

URL: https://www.nap.edu/catalog/25775/rapid-expert-consultation-on-sars-cov-2-laboratory-testing-for-the-covid-19-pandemic-april-8-2020

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: In response to a request from the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP), the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a standing committee of experts to help inform OSTP on critical science and policy issues related to emerging infectious diseases and other public health threats. This eight-page publication provides scientifically grounded principles that are relevant to decision-making about the interpretation of laboratory tests for COVID-19.

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Title: Rapid Expert Consultation on SARS-CoV-2 Viral Shedding and Antibody Response for the COVID-19 Pandemic (April 8, 2020) |The National Academies Press

URL: https://www.nap.edu/catalog/25774/rapid-expert-consultation-on-sars-cov-2-viral-shedding-and-antibody-response-for-the-covid-19-pandemic-april-8-2020

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: In response to a request from the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP), the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a standing committee of experts to help inform OSTP on critical science and policy issues related to emerging infectious diseases and other public health threats. This seven-page publication responds to questions concerning viral shedding and antibody response for the COVID-19 pandemic, and discusses optimum duration of isolation of cases.

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Title: Rapid Expert Consultation on SARS-CoV-2 Survival in Relation to Temperature and Humidity and Potential for Seasonality for the COVID-19 Pandemic (April 7, 2020) |The National Academies Press

URL: https://www.nap.edu/catalog/25771/rapid-expert-consultation-on-sars-cov-2-survival-in-relation-to-temperature-and-humidity-and-potential-for-seasonality-for-the-covid-19-pandemic-april-7-2020

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: In response to a request from the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP), the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a standing committee of experts to help inform OSTP on critical science and policy issues related to emerging infectious diseases and other public health threats. This eight-page publication responds to questions concerning COVID-19 virus survival in relation to temperature and humidity, and potential for seasonal reduction and resurgence of cases.

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Title: Rapid Expert Consultation on the Possibility of Bioaerosol Spread of SARS-CoV-2 for the COVID-19 Pandemic (April 1, 2020) |The National Academies Press

URL: https://www.nap.edu/catalog/25769/rapid-expert-consultation-on-the-possibility-of-bioaerosol-spread-of-sars-cov-2-for-the-covid-19-pandemic-april-1-2020

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: In response to a request from the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP), the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a standing committee of experts to help inform OSTP on critical science and policy issues related to emerging infectious diseases and other public health threats. This three-page publication responds to questions concerning the possibility that the SARS-Cov-2 virus could be spread by conversation, in addition to sneeze/cough-induced droplets.

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Title: Rapid Expert Consultation on Crisis Standards of Care for the COVID-19 Pandemic (March 28, 2020) |The National Academies Press

URL: https://www.nap.edu/catalog/25765/rapid-expert-consultation-on-crisis-standards-of-care-for-the-covid-19-pandemic-march-28-2020

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: In response to a request from the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP), the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a standing committee of experts to help inform OSTP on critical science and policy issues related to emerging infectious diseases and other public health threats, including the COVID-19 pandemic. This 15-page publication articulates the guiding principles, key elements, and core messages that undergird Crisis Standards of Care decision-making at all levels for the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Title: Rapid Expert Consultation on Data Elements and Systems Design for Modeling and Decision Making for the COVID-19 Pandemic (March 21, 2020) |The National Academies Press

URL: https://www.nap.edu/catalog/25755/rapid-expert-consultation-on-data-elements-and-systems-design-for-modeling-and-decision-making-for-the-covid-19-pandemic-march-21-2020

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

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Title: Building COVID-19 Contact Tracing Capacity in Health Departments to Support Reopening American Society Safely

URL: https://www.naccho.org/uploads/full-width-images/Contact-Tracing-Statement-4-16-2020.pdf

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This six-page document recommends key points when addressing the contact tracing gaps within local health departments and the public health system as a whole. Mitigation efforts for the COVID-19 response require tracers to connect with known patients to identify and alert their contacts of possible exposure.

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Title: Coronavirus’ business impact: Evolving perspective | McKinsey

URL: https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/risk-and-resilience/our-insights/covid-19-implications-for-business

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

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Title: The COVID-19 Outbreak at the Soldiers’ Home in Holyoke: An Independent Investigation Conducted for the Governor of Massachusetts - June 23, 2020

URL: https://www.mass.gov/doc/report-to-governor-baker-re-holyoke-soldiers-home/download

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

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Title: COVID-19 Vaccine Breakthrough Cases: Data from the States | KFF

URL: https://www.kff.org/policy-watch/covid-19-vaccine-breakthrough-cases-data-from-the-states/

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

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Title: COVID-19 in Rural America – Is There Cause for Concern? | KFF

URL: https://www.kff.org/other/issue-brief/covid-19-in-rural-america-is-there-cause-for-concern/

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This analysis compares COVID-19 cases and deaths in metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties in the United States. It finds that while metro counties still have significantly higher cases and deaths per capita, non-metro counties are experiencing faster growth rates, potentially signaling challenges ahead.

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Title: State Reporting of Cases and Deaths Due to COVID-19 in Long-Term Care Facilities | KFF

URL: https://www.kff.org/medicaid/issue-brief/state-reporting-of-cases-and-deaths-due-to-covid-19-in-long-term-care-facilities/

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This data note provides data on long-term care facility COVID-19 cases and deaths by state, using data reported directly by states (versus through news outlets) through either state COVID-19 reporting or state press releases. It includes all available long-term care facility data reported by state, including cases among both residents and staff, where available.

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Title: COVID-19 and Workers at Risk: Examining the Long-Term Care Workforce | KFF

URL: https://www.kff.org/medicaid/issue-brief/covid-19-and-workers-at-risk-examining-the-long-term-care-workforce/

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This analysis focuses on the characteristics of the 4.5 million people who work in long-term care settings. Since the COVID-19 pandemic first surfaced in the United States, outbreaks in these facilities have been widespread, and it is estimated that about one-fifth of all deaths from COVID-19 are tied to nursing facilities.

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Title: KFF Health Tracking Poll – Early April 2020: The Impact Of Coronavirus On Life In America | KFF

URL: https://www.kff.org/health-reform/report/kff-health-tracking-poll-early-april-2020/

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This web page details the results of the latest Kaiser Family Foundation Health Tracking poll, conducted March 25-30, 2020, which found that as many cities and states were issuing public health guidance requiring social distancing or shelter-in-place measures, seven in 10 Americans (72 percent) said their lives have been disrupted "a lot" or "some" by the coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak. The vast majority of the public say U.S. policy should be prioritizing the slowing down of the spread of the coronavirus rather than the U.S. economy.

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Title: Trends in Overall and Non-COVID-19 Hospital Admissions | KFF

URL: https://www.kff.org/health-costs/issue-brief/trends-in-overall-and-non-covid-19-hospital-admissions/

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This report analyzed trends in total hospital admissions, and then separately analyzed non-COVID-19 admissions by patient sex, age, and region. It calculated actual admissions as a share of total predicted admissions in 2020 based on trends from past years.

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Title: Communities of Color at Higher Risk for Health and Economic Challenges due to COVID-19 | KFF

URL: https://www.kff.org/disparities-policy/issue-brief/communities-of-color-at-higher-risk-for-health-and-economic-challenges-due-to-covid-19/

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: A brief report titled, "Communities of Color at Higher Risk for Health and Economic Challenges due to COVID-19" by Samantha Artiga, Rachel Garfield, and Kendal Orgera. Published by the Kaiser Family Foundation (KFF) on 7 April 2020. The brief "analyzes data on underlying health conditions, health coverage and health care access, and social and economic factors by race and ethnicity to provide insight into how the health and financial impacts of COVID-19 may vary across racial/ethnic groups."

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Title: What Do We Know About Children and Coronavirus Transmission? | KFF

URL: https://www.kff.org/coronavirus-covid-19/issue-brief/what-do-we-know-about-children-and-coronavirus-transmission/

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This review of the latest available data indicates that, while children who are infected with COVID-19 are more likely to be asymptomatic and less likely to experience severe disease (though a small subset become quite sick), they are capable of transmitting to both children and adults.

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Title: Under the Radar: States Vary in Regulating and Reporting COVID-19 in Assisted Living Facilities | KFF

URL: https://www.kff.org/coronavirus-covid-19/issue-brief/under-the-radar-states-vary-in-regulating-and-reporting-covid-19-in-assisted-living-facilities/

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This analysis, updated on June 16, 2020, examines how states are regulating assisted living facilities in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, based on state-issued guidance for assisted living facilities on three key measures identified by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services pertaining to visitors to facilities, daily staff screening, and universal use of personal protective equipment by facility staff, for each of the 50 states and DC.

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Title: The Critical Care Workforce and COVID-19: A State-by-State Analysis | KFF

URL: https://www.kff.org/coronavirus-covid-19/issue-brief/the-critical-care-workforce-and-covid-19-a-state-by-state-analysis/

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: There is concern that the availability of medical personnel capable of providing intensive care could be a limiting factor in the care of COVID-19 patients. This Data Note reports baseline estimates of the number of active critical care physicians and nurses in each state relative to state population.

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Title: Rising Cases in Long-term Care Facilities Are Cause for Concern | KFF

URL: https://www.kff.org/coronavirus-covid-19/issue-brief/rising-cases-in-long-term-care-facilities-are-cause-for-concern/

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This report discusses recent trends in COVID-19 cases among residents and staff in long-term care facilities and how these relate to surges in "hotspot" states. Long-term care cases in hotspot states with wider community transmission have risen at four times the rate as long-term care cases in non-hotspot states.

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Title: Overlooked and Undercounted: The Growing Impact of COVID-19 on Assisted Living Facilities | KFF

URL: https://www.kff.org/coronavirus-covid-19/issue-brief/overlooked-and-undercounted-the-growing-impact-of-covid-19-on-assisted-living-facilities/

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This analysis examines the impact of COVID-19 on assisted living facilities, as well as changes over time, using state-level data on COVID-19 cases and deaths reported in early June 2020, and again in early August.

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Title: Low-Income and Communities of Color at Higher Risk of Serious Illness if Infected with Coronavirus | KFF

URL: https://www.kff.org/coronavirus-covid-19/issue-brief/low-income-and-communities-of-color-at-higher-risk-of-serious-illness-if-infected-with-coronavirus/

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: To provide greater insight into the characteristics of people at greater risk of illness if infected with the novel coronavirus (COVID-19), this report builds on a prior analysis of higher risk adults in the U.S. to break down these numbers by race/ethnicity and household income in 2018. Among people ages 18-64, American Indian/Alaska Native and black adults are more likely than white adults to be at a higher risk of serious illness due to underlying health conditions and longstanding disparities in health care and other socio-economic factors.

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Title: Limits and Opportunities of Federal Reporting on COVID-19 in Nursing Facilities | KFF

URL: https://www.kff.org/coronavirus-covid-19/issue-brief/limits-and-opportunities-of-federal-reporting-on-covid-19-in-nursing-facilities/

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This brief explores the extent to which state and federal data on coronavirus in long-term care (LTC) facilities differ and discusses the likely causes for these differences. While federal reporting offers promise for analyzing the intersection of COVID-19 and LTC facilities, state data will continue to play a role in highlighting the scope of the crisis across facility types and trends in COVID-19 within these facilities over time.

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Title: Key Questions About Nursing Home Regulation and Oversight in the Wake of COVID-19 | KFF

URL: https://www.kff.org/coronavirus-covid-19/issue-brief/key-questions-about-nursing-home-regulation-and-oversight-in-the-wake-of-covid-19/

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This brief answers key questions about nursing home oversight and explains how federal policy has changed in light of COVID-19. While the pandemic has led to new federal guidance, funding, and reporting requirements, state survey agencies and nursing homes each may face issues related to funding, capacity, and data as the pandemic continues.

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Title: Impact of Coronavirus on Community Health Centers | KFF

URL: https://www.kff.org/coronavirus-covid-19/issue-brief/impact-of-coronavirus-on-community-health-centers/

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This brief presents findings from new data collected by the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) to provide insights into how health centers are adapting their services in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, and how coronavirus is affecting their operations and long-term financial outlook with patient visits and revenue from those visits dropping precipitously.

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Title: Almost One in Four Adult Workers is Vulnerable to Severe Illness from COVID-19 | KFF

URL: https://www.kff.org/coronavirus-covid-19/issue-brief/almost-one-in-four-adult-workers-is-vulnerable-to-severe-illness-from-covid-19/

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This report uses the National Health Information Survey (NHIS) to look at how many adult workers are at increased risk of severe illness if infected with coronavirus, based on risk factors identified by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). These risk factors include having diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), heart disease, a body mass index (BMI) above 40, moderate to severe asthma, and a functional limitation due to cancer. It finds that over 90 million adults are at greater risk for severe illness from COVID-19 due to underlying health conditions or age.

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Title: Recommendations for a Metropolitan COVID-19 Response | Johns Hopkins | Bloomberg School of Public Health

URL: https://www.jhsph.edu/covid-19/articles/covid-19-recommendations-for-a-metropolitan-response.html

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This 10-page document provides seven recommendations for the response to the COVID-19 pandemic in a metropolitan area. This strategy aims to slow transmission of the novel coronavirus and interrupt its spread. In metropolitan areas where cases are increasing, this strategy should delay and reduce the peak number of cases. In metropolitan areas where case numbers may be stable or declining, this strategy should accelerate the decline, creating more opportunities for decisions to relax social distancing policies.

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Title: IZA DP No. 14796: The Legacy of COVID-19 in Education

URL: https://www.iza.org/publications/dp/14796/the-legacy-of-covid-19-in-education

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

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Title: Contact Tracing Under Siege: Conspiracy Theories and Violent Threats Seek to Undermine America’s Safe Return to Normality

URL: https://www.isdglobal.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Contact-Briefing-Under-Siege.pdf

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This eight-page report discusses how legislation and state-based contract tracing efforts have become the focus of significant suspicion, hostility, and opposition, which threaten public health efforts during the COVID-19 pandemic. It details threats to contact tracers, key conspiratorial narratives and influencers, and conspiracy theories.

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Title: Internal displacement 2020: Mid-year update

URL: https://www.internal-displacement.org/mid-year-figures

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This 60-page report reveals the most significant new internal displacements associated with conflict, violence, and disasters around the world between January and June 2020. It serves as an important temperature gauge of global displacement halfway through the year, looking ahead to the trends and patterns expected in the months to come.

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Title: “The greatest need was to be listened to”: The importance of mental health and psychosocial support during COVID-19

URL: https://www.interaction.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Countering-Stigmatization-in-the-Humanitarian-Response-to-COVID19-1.pdf

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This 16-page report highlights key findings and recommendations outlined in a webinar and roundtable event hosted by the InterAction Protection Working Group in July 2020 to discuss how stigma is impacting humanitarian responses during the COVID-19 pandemic, best practices, key challenges, and ways forward.

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Title: Report 34 - COVID-19 Infection Fatality Ratio Estimates from Seroprevalence | Faculty of Medicine | Imperial College London

URL: https://www.imperial.ac.uk/mrc-global-infectious-disease-analysis/covid-19/report-34-ifr/

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This 18-page report discusses infection fatality ratio (IFR), a key statistic for estimating the burden of COVID-19 that has been continuously debated throughout the current pandemic. Previous estimates have relied on data early in the epidemic, or have not fully accounted for uncertainty in serological test characteristics and delays from onset of infection to seroconversion, death, and antibody waning. After screening 175 studies, this study identified 10 representative antibody surveys to obtain updated estimates of the infection fatality rate using a modeling framework that addresses the limitations.

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Title: Report 32 - Age groups that sustain resurging COVID-19 epidemics in the United States | Faculty of Medicine | Imperial College London

URL: https://www.imperial.ac.uk/mrc-global-infectious-disease-analysis/covid-19/report-32-us/

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This 32-page report discusses how adults aged 20-49 are a main driver of the COVID-19 epidemic in the United States; yet, in areas with resurging epidemics, opening schools will lead to more COVID-19-attributable deaths, so more targeted interventions in the 20-49 age group could bring epidemics under control, avert deaths, and facilitate the safe reopening of schools.

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Title: Report 31 - Estimating under-ascertainment of COVID-19 mortality: an analysis of novel data sources to provide insight into COVID-19 dynamics in Damascus, Syria | Faculty of Medicine | Imperial College London

URL: https://www.imperial.ac.uk/mrc-global-infectious-disease-analysis/covid-19/report-31-syria/

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This 46-page report estimates the potential under-ascertainment of COVID-19 mortality in Damascus, Syria, where all-cause mortality data has been reported between July 25 and August 1, 2020. It fits a mathematical model of COVID-19 transmission to reported COVID-19 deaths in Damascus since the beginning of the pandemic and compares the model-predicted deaths to reported excess deaths.

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Title: Report 30 - The COVID-19 epidemic trends and control measures in mainland China | Faculty of Medicine | Imperial College London

URL: https://www.imperial.ac.uk/mrc-global-infectious-disease-analysis/covid-19/report-30-china/

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: To understand the epidemic trends of COVID-19 in China, this 16-page report summarizes a study that carried out data collation and descriptive analysis in 31 provinces and municipalities, with a focus on the six most affected.

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Title: Report 28 - Excess non-COVID-19 deaths in England and Wales between 29th February and 5th June 2020 | Faculty of Medicine | Imperial College London

URL: https://www.imperial.ac.uk/mrc-global-infectious-disease-analysis/covid-19/report-28-excess-deaths/

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This 29-page report details the 189,403 deaths from any cause reported in England from February 29 to June 5, 2020; 11,278 all-cause deaths in Wales over the same period; and the uncertainty in how many of the non-COVID-19 deaths were directly or indirectly caused by the pandemic. Excess non-COVID-19 deaths could be due to non-reporting of COVID-19 on the death certificate or an increase in mortality for non-COVID-19 conditions.

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Title: Report 27 - Adapting hospital capacity to meet changing demands during the COVID-19 pandemic | Faculty of Medicine | Imperial College London

URL: https://www.imperial.ac.uk/mrc-global-infectious-disease-analysis/covid-19/report-27-hospital-capacity/

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This 26-page report aims to calculate hospital capacity for emergency treatment of COVID-19 and other patients during the pandemic surge in April and May 2020; evaluate the increase in capacity achieved via interventions (cancellation of elective surgery, field hospitals, use of private hospitals, and deployment of former and newly qualified medical staff); and determine how to re-introduce elective surgery considering continued demand from COVID-19 patients.

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Title: Report 26 - Reduction in mobility and COVID-19 transmission | Faculty of Medicine | Imperial College London

URL: https://www.imperial.ac.uk/mrc-global-infectious-disease-analysis/covid-19/report-26-mobility-transmission/

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This 94-page report characterizes the relationship between COVID-19 transmission and different mobility data streams for 53 countries around the world. Overall, strong population-wide social distancing measures are effective to control COVID-19; however, gradual easing of restrictions must be accompanied by alternative interventions, such as efficient contact tracing, to ensure control.

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Title: Report 25 - Response to COVID-19 in South Korea and implications for lifting stringent interventions | Faculty of Medicine | Imperial College London

URL: https://www.imperial.ac.uk/mrc-global-infectious-disease-analysis/covid-19/report-25-south-korea/

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This 16-page report discusses how South Korea experienced a sharp growth in COVID-19 cases early in the global pandemic, but it has since rapidly reduced rates of infection and now maintains low numbers of daily new cases.

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Title: Report 24 - Anonymised & aggregated crowd level mobility data from mobile phones suggests initial compliance with COVID19 social distancing interventions was high & geographically consistent across UK | Faculty of Medicine | Imperial College London

URL: https://www.imperial.ac.uk/mrc-global-infectious-disease-analysis/covid-19/report-24-uk-mobility/

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This 19-page report summarizes a study that used two mobile phone-based datasets to assess changes in average mobility, both overall and broken down into high and low population density areas, and changes in the distribution of journey lengths during the COVID-19 lockdown. The reduction in mobility was highly synchronized across the United Kingdom.

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Title: Report 23 - State-level tracking of COVID-19 in the United States | Faculty of Medicine | Imperial College London

URL: https://www.imperial.ac.uk/mrc-global-infectious-disease-analysis/covid-19/report-23-united-states/

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: A report from the MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis at the Imperial College London titled, "Report 23 - State-level tracking of COVID-19 in the United States". Published 21 May 2020. The report uses publicly available data to map the virus epidemics for each state.

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Title: Report 22 - Equity in response to the COVID-19 pandemic: an assessment of the direct and indirect impacts on disadvantaged and vulnerable populations in low- and lower middle-income countries | Faculty of Medicine | Imperial College London

URL: https://www.imperial.ac.uk/mrc-global-infectious-disease-analysis/covid-19/report-22-equity/

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: This 21-page report draws on data from nationally representative population surveys to explore a subset of health inequities, how they relate to wealth, and the way in which they may drive variation in COVID-19 risk.

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Title: Report 21 - Estimating COVID-19 cases and reproduction number in Brazil | Faculty of Medicine | Imperial College London

URL: https://www.imperial.ac.uk/mrc-global-infectious-disease-analysis/covid-19/report-21-brazil/

Collection: Global Health Events web archive

Description: Brazil is an epicenter for COVID-19 in Latin America. This 24-page report describes the Brazilian epidemic using three epidemiological measures: the number of infections, the number of deaths, and the reproduction number.

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